高考英语定语从句专题_高考英语定语从句讲解

1.英语的定语从句

2.定语从句成分分析

3.高中英语定语从句句型归纳

4.高中英语的定语从句，重点是什么？

5.高中英语定语从句说课稿

6.高考英语。宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别呢，求简单讲解下重点

7.高考英语语法：由关系副词when，where，why引导的定语

　定语从句是高中英语第一大语法内容，必须清晰掌握。接下来我为大家整理了高一英语学习的内容，一起来看看吧!

　高一英语重点语法--定语从句

　01

　定语从句基本概念

　在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

　引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

　被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

　02

　定语从句的关系词

　引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

　常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)，as 等。

　关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

　03

　定语从句的分类

　根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

　1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：

　Any man that / who has a sense of duty won?t do such a thing.

　任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

　2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：

　The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.

　这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.

　注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。

　04

　关系代词的用法

　1. that

　that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：

　Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

　玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

　The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

　我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

　2. which

　which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：

　The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

　The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

　我们昨天晚上看的那部**很好看。(作宾语)

　3. who， whom

　who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

　The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

　经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语)

　Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

　正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语)

　4. as

　① 引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于 such/so...as...或 the same...as...结构中，例如：

　Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.

　被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。

　Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.

　上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。

　This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

　这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。

　② 引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”例如：

　The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.

　As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.

　The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun

　③ 在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：

　a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。

　b. as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。

　c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。

　注意：

　1. 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

　This is the house in which we lived last year.

　这是我们去年居住的房子。

　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

　请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

　2. 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

　This is the person whom you are looking for.

　这就是你要找的那个人。

　3. 关系词只能用that的情况：

　① 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　He was the first person that passed the exam.

　他是第一个通过考试的人。

　当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。

　② 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

　你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

　当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。

　③ 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：

　This is the same bike that I lost.

　这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

　注意： 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：

　Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

　王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。

　④ 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：

　I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

　我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

　⑤ 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

　Who is the girl that is crying?

　正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

　⑥ 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

　There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

　桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

　4. 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

　①先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：

　What?s that which is under the desk?

　在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

　②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如：

　This is the room in which he lives.

　这是他居住的房间。

　③引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：

　Tom came back， which made us happy.

　汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

　05

　关系副词的用法

　1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

　This was the time when he arrived.

　这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)

　2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

　This is the place where he works.

　这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)

　3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

　没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)

　高一英语教你学会做英语笔记

　1、注音标(Phonetics)，标重音(Stress)。

　每单元的英语课文都有不少生词、一词多音和容易读错的英语单词，某些英语单词作名词和动词的发音不同，如'record(n.)和re'cord(vt.)。将英语音标和重音记在被注的单词上边，并要求学生在朗读课文时重视所注的音标和重读音节。这样，一旦课文读熟,那些单词的正确读音也就熟记在心了。

　2、释义(Paraphrase)。

　英语中有不少生词、多义词、短语、习惯语和难句需要用简单的英语或汉语来解释。如：quarrel争吵(to argue or disagree angrily with someone);forture财富(great wealth)。在课文学习过程中，注释的重点是一些较难的名词、短语和重点句型，而不必每个句子都解释。注释文字书写位置的原则是“就近”，即尽可能记在被解释的单词旁边，以便在阅读课文时被注视。若解释的英文单词较多，原文旁边写不下或记下去因单词太多书写太密而不清晰时，可记在相对较近的空白处，注释文字与被注文字之间可划一直线连接。也可记录在词汇表中该单词的后面。

　3、划重点(Language Points)。

　我指导学生用五角星标出新句型、用三角形标出旧句型、用圆圈标出介词或冠词、用方框标出新的短语和词组、用直线或水浪曲线划出英语课文中的关键句，科普文、议论文中表明作者中心论点的句子。语法和练习中的一些重点、难点也该划出来，以便引起重视。4、提要(Guideline)。

　即用简洁的英文概括提示课文或段落、或句子的要点。这一工作常常与上述几项结合起来进行，先在原文上作上线条、小圆圈之类的标记，再在旁边空白处写上要提示的文字。例如，现在使用的高中英语教材每一单元阅读课文的正文前面都有“预习提示”(包括课文的重点生词和要讨论的问题)，课文的后面常要求学生作简要笔记Note Making ;这是教材编辑为方便学生预习而编写的内容。我要求学生在自学课文时，先从这些“预习提示”入手，以便把握预习的重点。然后再根据“提示”去预习正文。如高二(下)第十四单元Satellite(卫星)是一篇科普文章，学生可以根据“预习提示”和Note Making把课文分为四个段落，我指导学生在各段落旁分别写上Broadcasting satellite(广播卫星),Weather Satellite(气象卫星),Communication Satellite(通讯卫星),Space Satellite(太空卫星)。这样，“预习提示”所述的课文要点就概括、凸现出来了，课文的段落大意和中心思想也一清二楚了。

　4、标疑(Question)。

　英语不是我们的母语，因此，在英语学习过程中，我们常常会碰到许多问题。阅读过程中可以在有问题的地方打一个问号，再寻找机会向老师或同学求教或查阅有关参考书解疑。

　5、分析难点(Comprehension)。

　学生阅读英语课文，不断会遇到一些难点，经过老师的讲解，或与同学一起讨论有些可能当场已经完全理解，有的还似懂非懂。不管怎样，边听边记下析难的文字，既有利于课后消化，也有利于复习回顾。

　6、补缺(Replenishment)。

　英语词汇表和一些参考书中对某些单词和词组的解释不够全面，有些只讲了名词的意思，而未说明作动词、形容词等的意义。老师应该让学生自己查词典或告诉他们别的用法，并让他们记录下来。比如学习了名词success(成功),应该让他们记下形容词successful、副词successfully和动词succeed。

　7、纠错(Correct Mistakes)。

英语的定语从句

定语从句是英语语法教学中极其重要的一个环节。这个问题讲透了，其他各类从句的问题都会很轻松的解决掉。

在此之前，虽然学生已经接触了很多表示时间地点的从句，但由于那些从句的结构和语序与汉语的相似，学生容易接受，教师也没有（同时教学大纲也不要求）在语法结构上做深入的解释。

但是，在讲解定语从句时，学生必须能够准确的了解并掌握：主语，谓语，宾语，状语。（不要着急，要一步一步的循序渐进，先挑重要的讲。）

具体步骤如下：

1。先介绍连词：that，which， who， where，when（先不必区分什么是连接代词，连接副词等。先一律简称为“连词”。）

2。介绍一个术语：先行词。

3。用小括号把定语从句与句子的其他部分分隔开，可以告诉学生这叫“断句”。这一步非常困难，但是一定的做，否则下一步无法进行。（要有耐心，要多花点时间，同时还要一直贯穿在整个定语从句的语法教学中。）

4。判断先行词，做出标记。（第一次可能判断不准，但是比起断句来要容易的多，告诉学生后面的定语从句就是修饰这个先行词的。学生不至于连什么叫做“修饰”都不明白吧。）

5。判断定语从句中的主语和宾语。如果缺主语或宾语，就用连词 that，which， who，同时指出你选用的连词就是指代前面的先行词。

（你可以利用数学上的等号 = ）（当然，还有很多详细的语法规矩要遵守，但是做到这一步，学生就能够翻译这个定语从句了。理解了句子的汉语意思，学生就有了成就感，就能有动力继续前进了。）

6。如果从句不缺主语或宾语，就选 where 或 when。（可以先不解释为什么，待学生做到了一定量的题后，这个问题如同窗户纸，一点即破。）

如：

( )I work in a business （ ____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.）

A. how B. which C. where D. that高考▲2004湖南C

( )Jim passed the driving test, （____ surprised everybody in the office. ）

A. which B. that C. this D. it高考▲2005浙江A

( )-Do you have anything to say for yourselves? -Yes, there's one point （____ we must insist on.）

A. why B. where C. how D. /高考▲2006江西D

( )The village has developed a lot （____ we learned farming two years ago. ）

A. when B. which C. that D. where高考▲2007福建D

还要罗嗦一句：尽量选用高考题。在浩如烟海的练习题中，它们还是比较规范的。(当然无法与英美原文相比。)

你好，唐秋菊991！满意吗？如果不满意可以追问。满意的话请采纳。

定语从句成分分析

一、与定语从句有关的概念

(1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。

(2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。如：

This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。

说明：句中修饰the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。

The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。

说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。

二、关系代词的一般用法

先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。

This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语)

The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。(作see的宾语，可以省略)

I met a boy whose father was a astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语)

Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 这是一件做给你的衣服。（作主语）

This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语，可以省略)

He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。

三、关系副词的一般用法

关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词＋which”代替，why可用for which代替。如：

There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。

(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. 他父亲曾工作的那家工厂关闭了。(作状语)

比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. 1978年建的那家工厂关闭了。(作主语)

(2) I’ll never forget the days when we lived together. 我永远也忘不了我们一起生活的那些日子。(作状语)

比较：I’ll never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. 我永远也忘不了我们在澳大利亚度过的那些日子。(作及物动词spent的宾语)

(3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。(作状语，用关系副词)

比较：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated.他所说的缺席理由显然是编造的。(作gave的宾语，用关系代词)

四、只能用that引导的定语从句

(1)当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。

All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。

He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。

There is little work that is fit for you. 没什么工作适合你做。

I have eaten all the food that is left. 我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。

(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very 等修饰时。

This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里后所看的第一场**。

This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。

This is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。

(3)先行词包括人和物时

They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。

(4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。如：

Which is the house that caught fire last night? 昨晚失火的是那座房子？

Who is the lady that is playing the piano? 在弹钢琴的那位**是谁？

五、不能用that引导的定语从句

(1)在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。

Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excided. 昨天我碰到了玛丽，她显得非常兴奋。

(2)直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。

The house in which we live is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。

I know the young man with whom you live. 我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。

但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用that替代which, who替代whom，也可以省略关系代词。如：

The house (which/that) we live in is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。

I know the man (whom/who/that) you live with. 我认识和你住在一起的那个人。

(3)当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时，多用 who。如：

None so blind as those who won't see. 睁眼不看事实的人眼最瞎。

Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。

I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说认识你。

He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. (谚)欲加之罪,何患无辞。

(4)当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时

I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 有位新校长明天来，他将教你们德语。

高中英语定语从句句型归纳

　定语从句成分分析，一起来看看吧。

　when the sailor went below, as is supposed, and a sudden gust of wind came down, that would be enough to capsize the boat, wouldn't it?

　当水手去下面，应该是，一阵风来，那就足以使船倾覆，不是吗？

附：英语阅读难句分析之定语从句

　一、定语从句的有关概念

　所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念先行词和关系词。

　先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

　那什么是关系词呢?其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来引导，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

　二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系

　为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。

附：高级口译阅读长难句分析之定语从句

　英语有5种基本的句式，长难句就是在基本句式的基础上添加某些成分变化而来的，主要有定语从句，分割结构，并列结构，平行结构，同位语，分词等;或是改换句式，比如使用倒装句，否定句，省略句等；也可以通过其他方式，如用it做形式主语或形式宾语等。

　下面我们来详细讲解这几种结构。

　1.定语从句

　分析定语从句要注意一下两点：

　A.准确判断定语从句所修饰的对象

　由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的'名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。

　We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.

　本句有两个由which引导的定语从句：第一个定语从句修饰的对象是science而不是chemistry;第二个定语从句修饰的对象是chemical change 而不是result或matter

　译文:我们客户可以说，化学式论述物质的化学变化的科学，通过这种变化可能得到一种新物质。

　B.要注意区分从句的层次

　定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。分析句子的时候应注意区分。

　The child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectual development.

　本句主语和谓语之间有三个定语从句，第一层是who is raised in an environmen，修饰的是the child ;第二层是where there are many stimuli ，修饰的是environment；第三层是which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses ，修饰的是stimuli 。三个层次一层套一层。

高中英语的定语从句，重点是什么？

定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高同学们的应变能力， 现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下：

　一、疑问句中考查定语从句

　1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？

　A. where B. the one C. on which D. /

　答案是D.

　命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。

　二、倒装句中考查定语从句

　2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.

　A. which B. that C. / D. where

　正确答案是D.为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。

　三、 拆分词组和固定搭配

　3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

　A. of which B. where C. to do D. that

　4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？

　A. which B. on which C. when D. where

　正确答案分别是D和A.一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part （in）。

　四、添加插入语或状语

　5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I believe is of great importance.

　A. that B. / C. which D. why

　应选择C.这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的`办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

　五、插入非谓语动词

　6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________

　the radio for me？

　A. who；repaired B. that；repaired

　C. whom；repairing D. that；repair

　D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：

　You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

　《高中英语定语从句句型归纳》由英语编辑整理,更多请访问:/english/我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 如何提高雅思写作看网友雅思二战,作文4.5到6.5雅思写作网站:饼形图的解题思路分析雅思考试写作范文之巧克力的制作雅思写作技巧四--英语写作要诀雅思作文2012经典错误与分析2012雅思写作题目技巧二--写好段落的三个标准雅思写作最新范文：谈句型的灵活运用2012雅思写作之中应避免的常见错误2012雅思写作之常见错误分析11条雅思作文技巧让步段在大作文中的应用

高中英语定语从句说课稿

高中英语定语从句详解

定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：

1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack

三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：

signs是：被修饰的名词；

that是：关系词；

that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句

2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中：

those是：被修饰的名词；

who是：关系词;

who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：

被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)

要点提示：

1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如：

They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .

他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。

（本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：

They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations

people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系）。 又例如：

Rude people are those （先行词） whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect

for the rules（先行词） that(关系词) the majority follows .

不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。

由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。）

2）"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。

这个意思就是说，假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"，那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。比如说，同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词"，如果它在从句中作主语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。另外，有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。例如：

Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .

有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。

In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.

我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。

There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .

有许多声音有意义但不是词。

Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .

如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：

tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )

告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。

(一) 关系词

从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。

定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。

1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。

who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：

I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .

我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。

The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .

whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：

Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?

刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？

Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .

昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。

They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。

(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。)

Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误）

(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)

whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：

Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?

你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？

Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.

沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。

which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：

Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .

那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。

I've got a novel which you may like to read .

我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。

That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。

that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如：

Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .

那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。

Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。

Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? （错误）

要点提示：

定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：

This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday .

这就是你昨天找的那本书。

I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .

我不喜欢你看的这本小说。

Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ?

你们谈论的那个人是谁？

定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：

Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .

（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。

This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .

（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。

关系代词that 和which的区别

that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ：

-- 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：

Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .

任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。

There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。

They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。

-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：

This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。

That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。

We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .

我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。

然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：

-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：

The world in which we live is made of matter .

我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .

洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。

The world that we live in is made of matter.

（正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。）

我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。

The world in that we live is made of matter.

（错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。）

-- 在非限定性定语从句（关于这一点随后就要讲解）中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .

太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。

-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 （常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中）

Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .

你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。

People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .

你描述的这种人现在很少见了。

This computer has the same functions as that one has .

这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。

非限定性定语从句 （as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。）

As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。

They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.

可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。

Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。

2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。

when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如：

People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .

人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。

He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。

We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。

where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：

The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。

He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。

That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .

那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。

why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：

He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy .

他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。

The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .

她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。

They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .

他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。

介词+关系代词

在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：

A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：

A）动词与介词的搭配

He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" ）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （ talk to + 名词 "与某人谈话" ） 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。

He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词+ rent at + 表示价格的词 "某物以某价格出租" ）

他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。

B）名词与介词的搭配

They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . （ in the house "在屋子里" ）

他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。

We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。

She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .（ to extend "到某种程度" ） 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。

C）形容词与介词的搭配

The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")

老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。

I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（ eager for "渴望得到…" ） 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。

He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .

(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。

2）定语从句的种类

在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：

限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：

Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .

为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.

洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。

They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.

他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。

高考英语。宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别呢，求简单讲解下重点

高中英语定语从句说课稿

　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词。它是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。如下是我给大家整理的高中英语定语从句说课稿，希望对大家有所作用。

　 Ⅰ.概念：

　(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

　(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

　(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

　关系词的作用：

　1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

　2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

　常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose在从句中作定语)

　常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where

　The student who answered the question was John.

　I know the reason why he was so angry.

　The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

　I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

　定语从句三步：

　第一找出先行词；

　第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

　第三选择合适的关系词。

　 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

　●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

　1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

　2. You can take anything ( that) you like.

　3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

　4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

　5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.

　●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

　1. The bookwhich/that was on the desk was bought by my father.

　2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.

　3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

　●who, whom, whose:

　who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

　whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

　whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

　1. I like the students who/that work hard.

　2. All who heard the story were amazed.

　(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)

　3. He's a man from whom we should learn.

　= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

　4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

　5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.

　=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.

　=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

　关系代词作介词宾语： （介词+ whom / which）

　关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）

　1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.

　2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？

　= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?

　3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?

　4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?

　5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)

　●as 的.用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

　①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。

　1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

　2. .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?

　--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.

　3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.

　比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.

　I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.

　比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）

　Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）

　②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

　As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)

　=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）

　=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .

　=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .（as 作宾语）

　=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.

　He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)

　 Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:

　●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

　He came last night when I was out.

　We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.

　注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

　比较:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）

　2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）

　3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.

　●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.

　This is the place where I was born.

　I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

　注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

　比较: ※1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）

　2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.

　3. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.

　4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）

　●Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：

　1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.

　2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）

　3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）

　当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。

　the way在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:

　This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.

　比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.

　 Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

　1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

　2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

　3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

　This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

　Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

　4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

　比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.

　He has a sister who is a musician.

　引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.

　1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

　2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.

　 Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

　●that & which:

　在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.

　①先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,

　1.We should do all that is useful to the people .

　2.There's nothing that can be said about it .

　3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

　②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

　1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.

　2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.

　3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

　比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

　This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

　③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

　1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

　2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

　④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

　1.This is the best that can be done now.

　2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

　⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.

　1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

　2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

　⑥被修饰词为数词时.

　1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .

　⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。

　Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

　⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

　1. Which is the book that you like best?

　2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

　⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：

　1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

　⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

　1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.

　2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .

　定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:

　①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

　1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

　2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?

　②在非限制性定语从句中.

　1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

　2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which指代主句)

　③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .

　1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

　④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

　1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

　⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .

　What's that which she is looking at?

　⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

　A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

　●who & that:

　who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that

　①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：

　1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

　2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

　3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.

　②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：

　1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .

　2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.

　③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：

　1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

　●as & which:

　as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

　①位置的不同：

　which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

　1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

　2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

　或As you know, Jack is an honest man.

　②先行词的不同：

　as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

　which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

　1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

　2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）

　3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.

　③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"

　as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.

　高中英语定语从句句型总结

　一、疑问句中考查定语从句

　1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？

　A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /

　解析答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。

　二、倒装句中考查定语从句

　2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.

　A. whichB. thatC. /D. where

　解析正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。

　三、 拆分词组和固定搭配

　3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

　A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that

　4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？

　A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where

　解析正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part (in)。

　四、添加插入语或状语

　5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I believe is of great importance.

　A. thatB. /C. whichD. why

　解析应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose， expect， believe， imagine)， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

　五、插入非谓语动词

　6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________

　the radio for me？

　A. who；repairedB. that；repaired

　C. whom；repairingD. that；repair

　解析D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

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高考英语语法：由关系副词when，where，why引导的定语

答如下：

1. 宾语从句置于及物动词或介词之后，作动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连接词(that, if, whether) 、连接代词(what , which, who, whom, whose等)和连接副词how, when, where, why等)。例如：

I know that he is ill.

Can you tell me where he lives?

I wonder if / whether he will go.

We don't know whose wallet it is.

Tom is interested in what you said.

注意：that或if从句通常不作介词的宾语(except除外)。例如：

I am not sure about whether (不用if) he will go.

The house is beautiful except that it is a little small.

2. 定语从句置于所修饰的名词或代词之后 ，它在句中用来作定语，修饰前面的名词。被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词有关系代词(that , which,who, whom, whose等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)。关系代词指代前面的名词，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语和定语; 关系副词在定语从句中可以作状语，表示时间、原因、地点等。

I know the man who / that is standing there.

The novel which / that you bought is fun.

That is the house where he lived in.

I will never forget the day when I

1. 基本用法

　定语从句除可用关系代词引导外，还可用关系副词when, where与why来引导，它们的区别是：when用于指时间，where用于指地点，why用于指原因。when, where, why 在定语从句中均用作状语。如：

　1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。

　This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市。

　These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。

　2. 先行词问题

　关系副词when和where的先行词是表示时间(如the day, the days, the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词，而关系副词why的先行词通常只是the reason(s)。另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。

　3. 一点注意

　注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在定语是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。如：

　Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)

　I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)

　He works in a factory that [which] makes radio parts. 他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that, which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)

　He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)

　That’s the reason that [which] he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)

　That’s the reason why she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。(where在从句中作状语)

　4. 一个错点

　英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个。不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.(其中的that, in which可省略