一般过去时的高考真题_一般过去时高中语法

高考英语书面表达写作指导-如何审题

审题是书面表达的第一步，也是关键一步。考生在真正开始写作之前，必须舍得花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备工作。只有审准了题，弄清了题目要求，才有可能写出好文章。具体说来，审题准确包含以下四个方面：

一、审体裁

根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章，是记叙文、说明文、应用文，还是议论文等。无论提供材料的方式是通过文字描述还是图画或表格,但要求文章的体裁是唯一的。倘若体裁不对,评卷时原则上要从考生应得分数中扣掉7分。所以动笔之前,认真审题至关重要。

二、审格式

一定的体裁有其特有的格式，近年高考书面表达题中，应用文居多，应弄清应用文该用什么格式，是否有其固定的套语等。例如书信、日记、.通知（口头或书面）、便条等都有其特定的格式，不能随便写。其中书信最复杂,根据试题要求，要注意信的开头、称呼、主体、结尾、签名，这五个部分都要写全面，而且每个部分又各有要求，考生对这些都要有明确的认识。

三、审内容

要点齐全是得分的基本保证，漏掉要点就会被降低档次评分。要想书面表达得高分，内容全面和不跑题也是最基本的要求。所以考生在身体是还要弄清什么改写，什么不该写；那些该详写，那些该略写等。尤其是图画式书面表达题，考生应注意，不能把图中的所有内容都表达出来，要学会连贯性读懂图意，要分清哪些是主要内容，那些是次要内容。同时还要注意，有的内容是做暗示用的，有些上文出现的内容要与下文的内容相衔接，有些下文出现的内容需要在前面作铺垫。总之，所写内容既要符合图画所描绘的情景，又要连贯通顺，自圆其说。如写记叙文，要抓好“wh-” 问题，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)以及其它一些要素。

四、审人称

审人称即弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，用第一人称，第二人称，还是第三人称来写。高考书面表达阅卷中非常重视人称，出现人称错误要扣除相应的分数。其中有几年高考书面表达题的评分标准明确规定，用错人称从总分中扣7分。所以考生在审题时，千万不要忽略人称的正确使用。

五、审时态

审时态即根据所给材料信息确定短文的基本时态。一般说来，一篇特定的短文，它通常有自己特定的基本时态。如通知常用将来时态，日记常用过去时态，等等。另外，由于每一个句子都涉及时态问题，所以考生容易忽略这个问题，随便用错时态，则每个句子都会因时态用错而扣分（时态错误属于扣分较严重的错误）。具体地说，表示现在经常性的情况用一般现在时；表示过去发生的动作要用一般过去时；而当我们要强调一个过去发生的动作对现在的影响或一个过去发生的动作持续到现在时，则要用现在完成时，等等。这些都是时态方面的基本规则，考生每写一个句子，都要引起注意。

以下我们以NMET 2005年全国卷I、II书面表达为例，看一看如何审题。

原题：

假定你是李华，正是英国牛津参加短期语言培训，计划星期天去伦敦旅游。互联网上一则广告引起了你的注意，但一些具体信息不明确（箭头所指内容）。请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况。

注意：1．词数100左右，信的格式已为你写好。

2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3．参考词汇：牛津——Oxford 费用——fee

Dear Sir/Madame,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

审题：

首先，确定体裁。注意提示内容所给信息。本文是发给旅行社的一封电子邮件，询问有关去伦敦旅游的情况。电子邮件属于书信的一种，本文体裁是一片应用文。

其次，确定格式。既然是书信，就会有一定的固定格式和套语，原题中已给出书信的固定格式，考生须注意一些书信的套语。

第三，确定内容要点。通过图表所示信息，我们可以看到其要点包括：①开头；②是否有学生特价；③票价包含的项目；④是否有午餐；⑤返回时间；⑥是否有购物时间。

第四，确定人称。本文是一封电子邮件，且题干中有“假定你是李华”这样的提示，因此可以确定本文应使用第一人称写作。

第五，确定时态。本文是询问去伦敦旅游有关问题的书信，时态应基本使用一般现在时。

范文：

Dear Sir/Madame,

I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London.

As a student at Oxford University , I’d like to know if you have any special price for students. As for the money you charge, does it cover the entrance fees for visiting the places listed? What about lunch? Is it included? Or do I need to bring along my own food?

How long will the tour last? Since I need to prepare my lessons for the nest day, I’d like to know the time to return. Besides, is there any time for shopping? I really want to have a look at the big stores in London.

Yours,

Li hua

我们再看一个例子，以下是2004年高考北京卷书面表达情景作文试题：

原题：

某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动，并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。

生词：图表chart

审题：

首先，确定体裁。注意提示内容所给信息。本文是一篇图表作文，根据图表所提供信息，表达个人观点。因此，本文体裁是说明文。

其次，确定格式。本文是图表作文，需要根据图表提供信息，表达个人观点。因此在格式上，应注意在文章开头清楚表明图表信息。

第三，确定内容要点。通过图表所示信息，我们可以看到其要点包括：①学生主要课余活动及时间；②学生各项主要活动所站课余时间比例；③做作业所需时间最长，所占课余时间比例最大；④其次为看电视；⑤做家务时间最短，所占课余时间比例最小；⑥体育锻炼、用电脑、听音乐所占比例基本在10%左右。

第四，确定人称。本文是一篇图表作文，根据表格表达个人观点。因此,可客观陈述表格内容，并在表达观点是使用第一人称写作。

第五，确定时态。本文是一篇图表作文，根据表格表达个人观点，属说明文。时态应使用一般现在时。

范文：

Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time－93 minutes－into their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.

As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.

注意：由于书面表达写作时间有限，审题时间一般应控制在3~4分钟。

2010高考英语单选及答案

1. --I hope he won't get ill during the examinations.

--___________ . He has been very well recently.

A. Certainly B. No C. Not D. Yes

2. The movie is__________ boring; it is, in fact, rather exciting and interesting.

A. anything but B. nothing but C. no more' D. all but

3. Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here through the heavy snow.

A. needn't have driven B. can't have driven

C. mustn't have driven D. shouldn't have driven

4. The shop manager always says to his assistants, "We can never be customers.

A. so B. too C. that D. more

5. Mr. Smith__________ the roll of film as soon as he arrived home

A. got down to wash B. got down to develop

C. got down to washing D. got down to developing

6. --The two pairs of shoes are __________ the same colour.

--But they are different __________ colour.

A. of; from B. of; in C. in; from D. in; in

7. The gas tank____________ twenty gallons of gas, but now it may____________ only three gallons.

A. holds; contain B. holds; be contained

C. is held; contain D. is held; be contained

8. They suggested not only to the party but also give a performance.

A. did we go B. should we go C. we should go D. thought

9. The president of the country was well of when he was in power.

A. praised B. fond C. appreciated D. thought

10. --Why has he been staying at home these days?

--He ___________ since a month ago.

A. has been out of work B. was out of work

C. has lost his work D. had left from his work

11. The reason__________ their failure you know is they didn't get fully prepared for the experiment.

A. why.., that B. that.., why C. for.., that D. why.., because

12. ____________ great help, I could get rid of all the difficulty and succeeded.

A. Offered B. Having offered

C. Being supplied D. Having supplied

13. --Jack's won _____________ holiday in London. --_________ lucky fellow !

A. a; A B. the; The C. a; The D. the; A

14. You _________think you're clever, but that doesn't give you the right to order me about!

A. should B. would C. could D. might

15. --Which play shall we go and see?

A. I'm afraid we can't B. I don't think it's interesting

C. Yes, I quite agree with you D. I'll leave it to you

16. --I didn't know this was a one-way street, officer. _________

A. That's all right. B. I don't believe you.

C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but that's no excuse.

17. The Bunsen Burner is so named because it is thought ___________ by Robert Bunsen.

A. to be invented B. having been invented

C. invented D. to have been invented

18. --I'm told that John had another car accident this morning.

--I believe not. He _________so careless.

A. shouldn't have been B. wouldn't have been

C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been

19. Could you give me a hand __________from the car, please?

A. to carry the shopping

B. for carrying the shopping

C. and carrying the shopping

D. carrying the shopping

20. Why haven't you finished your homework yet? You___________ to have finished it by last Sunday.

A. are supposed B. were supposed

C. are supposing D. were supposing

21. --The news is spreading from mouth to mouth.

--Yes, it has become__________ talk of__________ town.

A. a ; a B. the ;不填 C. the ; the D. a ;不填

22. Their tent,__________ light as a feather, remained firm in the storm last night.

A. as if B. even C. though D. if

23. The amount of money for the seriously sick child was soon collected.

A. to need B. needed C. needing D. which needed

24. --__________ was it_________ they discovered the entrance to the underground place?

--Totally by chance.

A. How; that B. What ; that C. When; when D. Where; that

25. It is usually not quite cold in this area in March, but sometimes temperature be very low.

A. should B. can C. must D. shall

26. After you have used the dictionary, please just put it back it belongs.

A. where B. to which C. what D. that

27. --You went late the stadium yesterday evening, didn't you?

--Yes, my wife was a little late _________ the supper.

A. to ; with B. for; with C. for; for D. at ; for

28. --Do you know when the Chinese custom_________ from?

--It's hard to say. But its characteristics__________ the Tang Period.

A. began ; prove B. started ; show

C. is ; appear D. dates ; suggest

29. All the preparations, we're ready to start.

A. made B. being made

C. having made D. have been made

30. --Did Mary come to your birthday party?

--No. I __________ her, but she was away on business.

A. would like to invite B. would have liked to invite

C. must have invited D. could invite

答案详解：

1．B否定回答用no，而不是not，此题回答是省略的，原为No，he won't．

2．A anything but表示“根本不”的含义。

3．A needn't have done意为“本来不需要”；D为“本来不应该”。

4．B too…to固定词组搭配，意为“太……以至于……”，含有否定的意思。

5．D此题考查的是固定词组，get down to后可直接接名词或动词-ing形式。

6．B of the same接名词用作表语，意为“同样的颜色”；be different in接名词，表示在某方面不同。

7．A此题考查动词的语态知识。hold表示“容纳”，contain表示“装着”时都用主动形式。

8．B suggest意为“建议”，后接的宾语从句中用should+动词，should可以省略。

9．D think of用于被动为be thou曲t of，B项be fond of后须接名词或代词；A、C项后不用接of。

10．A答语中有since引导的时间状语，限定了句中的动词为持续性动词。

11．C此题关键是their failure为名词词组，A项why后须接句子。

12．A此题考查的是省略的用法。前面的分句省略的主语为I，所以动词要用被动。

13．C此题考查冠词的用法。前空为泛指，后空为特指。

14．D此题意为“你也许认为自己弄明白了，但这并不表明你有权力命令我。”所以A、B、C项都不符合题干的意思。

15．D问句意为“我们去看哪部戏?”A、B、c项答非所问。D项意为“由你决定”。

16．D此题考查日常交际用语知识，题干中问句是“长官，我不知道这是一条单行线”，所以回答“对不起，没有任何借口”，A、B、c项都不符合问句所提供的信息。

17．D本句考查动词的被动语态和时态，it+is+动词ed形式，to do是固定的搭配用法。而Bunsen Burner的发明是过去发生的动作，所以用完成时态。

18．C本题考查时态的掌握情况，问句是“有人告诉我约翰今天早晨出了交通事故”，答句应为“我不相信，他不可能这么不小心。”只有c项为此意思，shouldn't have done表示“本来不应该……”，mustn't have done表示“禁止做”。

19．A此题为固定的动词词组用法。give sb．a hand to do something意思与help sb．(to)do一样。

20．B本题考查的是be supposed to的用法。题意为“你为什么还没完成作业?你上个周日就应该完成了。”在本题中be supposed to have finished相当于should have finished，意为“本来应该完成而实际上没有”。

21．C本题考查冠词的用法。题中后一空为两者都知道，特指，故用the；前一空受到of引导的短语的修饰，所以也用the。

22．C本题考查省略的用法，thou曲引导的分句中省略了it is。意为“帐篷虽然很轻，但昨晚它仍牢牢地立在狂风中”。

23．B本题考查定语从句的使用，题干意思为“用于治疗患有重病的孩子的钱很快被收齐。”所以need在句中使用被动形式。

24．A本题是强调句的考查。考生可以将问句转为陈述句语气，这样题意就比较清晰：“It was how that they discovered the entrance to the underground place．”

25．B本题考查情态动词不同含义的辨析。而题干中要求为“有时温度可能会很低”。只有can可以表示“可能”。

26．A本题有一定的迷惑性，很多考生选择B，但belong to这一固定词组关系，非常紧密，所以一般不提前，故B项错误。

27．A本题第一空要千万当心go late to some place而不是be late for，所以B、C、D三项错误，答句意思为“是的，我的妻子吃晚饭时晚了一会儿。”

28．D本题关键是抓住答句中所提供的信息，“It's hard to say'’，这表明回答者并不很肯定。而prove证明，show表明，排除A，B。前一空date from意为“追溯至……”

29．A本题首先需判断用被动，排除c。后半分句表示所有的准备已经完成，直接用过去分词表示状态。

30．B本题对话首先提供的信息为一般过去时，所以限定了所要填定信息的时态。would like to一般用于表示现在时，而句中时态为过去，所以需用would have liked to 文章来

——源莲山课件