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高考真题长难句分析例题及解析,高考真题长难句
tamoadmin 2024-06-17 人已围观
简介1.翻译2014年湖北高考英语真汉语翻译题:you‘ve flown halfway 含有aroun2.英语长难句(三)3.在英语考试中,如何快速读懂阅读中的长难句?4.求高考英语疑难句翻译资料新东方在线高考英语秘招“括号法” 新东方在线 李辉 众所周知,“大量阅读”是快速提升英语成绩的重要手段。在进行高考英语阅读训练时,“长难句”可谓让人头疼的大麻烦。那么,有没有一种简便方法能让我们迅速破
1.翻译2014年湖北高考英语真汉语翻译题:you've flown halfway 含有aroun
2.英语长难句(三)
3.在英语考试中,如何快速读懂阅读中的长难句?
4.求高考英语疑难句翻译资料
新东方在线高考英语秘招“括号法”
新东方在线 李辉
众所周知,“大量阅读”是快速提升英语成绩的重要手段。在进行高考英语阅读训练时,“长难句”可谓让人头疼的大麻烦。那么,有没有一种简便方法能让我们迅速破解长难句呢?当然有!只要你真心渴望提升高考英语成绩,愿意拿出2~3个小时研读本文,就一定能够在不远的将来创造奇迹。新东方在线高考英语辅导李辉老师结合过去八年教学实践经验,通过分析英语句子中的重要特点——“三长两短一并列”——创造了一套简单而有效的方法,即“组件分析三步法”(江湖人称“括号法”),帮助学员快速看清英语句子结构,轻松读懂长难句。
为帮助量学员了解“括号法”的神奇魅力,辉辉老师决定将这个方法撰文公开。帮助大家早学会,早。
什么是“三长两短一并列”
我们先来看两句话:① 我是李辉。(I am Li Hui.) ② 我爱你。(I love you. ) 这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。像这样的句子,中文和英文的“语序”(单词排列顺序)基本是一致的,都是“主—系—表”或者“主—谓—宾”,理解起来非常容易。然而,在加上修饰成分后,中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。来看两个例子:① 我是新东方的李辉。(I am Li Hui from New Oriental School.) ② 我全心全意地爱你。(I love you with all my heart.) 从例子中可以看出,修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时,该句子就会变得很长,不易理解。
例如:After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office. 这个句子中含有大量的“介词短语”这种修饰成分。我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号,该句就会变成:(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office). 此时大家便可发现,这个句子虽然很长,但是真正的主干其实只有I returned两个单词而已。可见,介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一!
当然,以上几个句子还比较简单(少量介词短语对句意理解的影响不大),但是,当句子中出现更多类似介词短语的修饰成分时,可想而知,由于中英文语序的不同,英文句子会变得“面目全非”,令人难以理解。由此看来,英语中灵活多变的修饰成分正是造成英语句子又长又难的头号罪犯,只要搞定这些修饰部分,就能搞定英语长难句。
幸运的是,尽管这些修饰成分数量很多、位置也不好把握,但是,它们的种类却是非常固定的。笔者将这些修饰成分总结为“三长两短”。所谓“三长”,就是构成长难句的三种较长修饰成分(即介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语);所谓“两短”,指的是镶嵌于句子之中的、会稍稍提高句子复杂度的两种较短修饰成分(即形容词、副词)。而除了“三长两短”之外,另外一个使句子变得复杂的结构就是“平行并列结构”。“平行并列结构”是由一些并列关系的连词(and、or、as well as等)将句子变长的重要手段。
事实上,再长的句子都是由非常简单的主干成分(主干成分的基本语序和中文语序一致,此外还有若干与中文语序不一致的“特殊句型”,如there be句型、It is adj. for sb. to do句型、倒装句型、强调句型等等)再加上这“三长两短一并列”而组成的。由于水平所限,本文字讲解略显繁琐。如果自己看不懂,搜索新东方在线网络课程《高考英语15天基础速成班》,聆听辉辉老师为你清晰讲解这一方法,早学会、早。
“三长两短一并列”的含义、结构及标记方法
如果把句子的主干比作树干,那么修饰成分就可以比作繁茂的枝叶。若能把这些枝叶都标记出来,主干自然就清晰了。标记时,只需按照句子顺序,一个挨一个做出标记即可。不过在此之前,我们要先学会每一种成分该从何处标起,又从何处结束。下面笔者分别对 “三长两短一并列”进行具体介绍,并给出的每一种成分的标记方法。
1. “三长”
(1) 介词短语
定义从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。
起止标识标记介词短语时,要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如:at home、in the school、in the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks
例句 (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).
(2) 从句
定义从句是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等关系词引导的非主句部分。
起止标识标记从句时,一定从关系词开始,到以下四种终止。
① 到句尾终止,如:Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English).
② 到句中的逗号终止,如:(When I was young), I listened to the radio.
③ 到下一个修饰成分终止,如:I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介词短语,属于另一个修饰成分,故从句的标记在此处终止)
④ 到下一个谓语动词终止,如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
(3) 非谓语动词短语
定义非谓语动词是指动词在句子中“不是谓语”时的几种变化形式,主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语,而是充当句子的其他成分。由非谓语动词开头的、表示一个独立、完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短语。
起止标识标记非谓语动词短语时,一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头,到以下四种情况终止。
① 到句尾终止,如:Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English).
② 到句中的逗号终止,如:(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.
③ 到下一个修饰成分终止,如:Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介词短语,属于另一修饰成分。)
④ 到下一个谓语动词终止,如:We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.
2. “两短”
(1) 形容词
定义形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词,往往带有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后缀。
常见位置
① 一般置于名词之前,如a beautiful park。
② 修饰不定代词(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)时置于不定代词之后,如“一些有趣的事”应译为something interesting。
(2) 副词
定义副词用来修饰形容词、动词等词,往往带有-ly等后缀。
常见位置英语中,副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。
① 可置于整句之前,如:Unfortunately, he failed to make it.
② 可置于整句之后,如:The teacher greets his students individually.
③ 可置于“助动词、系动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前”,如:
The princess looks extremely beautiful today. (系动词之后)
He immediately saw the black cat. (实义动词之前)
He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess. (助动词之后,实义动词之前)
He can hardly speak anything. (情态动词之后,实义动词之前)
④ 可置于形容词或副词之前,如:There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.
从上面的分析可以看出,虽然英文中形容词和副词的在句中的位置和中文略有不同,但一般情况下,它们较短且易于辨识,对句意理解影响不大,因此在给修饰成分做标记时,形容词和副词可不标记。
3. 平行并列结构
定义并行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。
标记方法给平行并列结构做标记的要求是:给并列词加方框,给并列项加下划线。标记时要先找到并列词,然后再找并列项。在标注形如A and B的平行并列结构时,应先找B (即右并列项)后找A (即左并列项)。由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后,所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的尾巴,形成“A … and B …”的形式,导致A离and相对较远,不易辨认,而B通常离and很近,容易识别。找到B之后,利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则,很容易将A确定出来。
常见并列关系
英语中可以并列的成分有很多,读句子时要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。
① 名词并列:I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.
② 形容词并列:Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.
③ 副词并列:You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.
④ 谓语动词并列:With the Internet, people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.
⑤ 介词短语并列:And that of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.
⑥ 从句并列: I’ve finished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last month).
⑦ 非谓语动词并列:Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.
⑧ 整句并列:The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
三步搞定长难句
根据以上分析,英语句子是由“主干部分+三长两短一并列”组成的。我们可把这个“三长两短一并列”称为构成英语句子的“组件”。想要快速读懂一个句子,就要快速识别并准确译出每一个组件,再按照一定的逻辑将一个个组件连接起来。这就是“组件分析三步法”(“括号法”)。
Step 1: 做标记
做标记时应按照上文中的方法,给“三长”加括号,给并列词加方框,给并列项划下划线。
例句Li Hui is a teacher teaching English in Beijing which is the capital of China.
这个句子做完标记后为:Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China). 可以看出,做完标记后的句子层次变得清晰了很多,很容易就能看出该句子是由一个主系表结构的主干加上四个修饰成分组成的。原句直译起来稍显复杂,但是加上括号之后,每一小节都能轻松看懂。不过在标记时要注意:一旦出现下一修饰成分,就应果断将上一修饰成分结束掉,而不要管上一修饰成分本身结束了没有,即允许括号连括号,尽量避免括号套括号。由于英语中的修饰成分实际上存在很多“嵌套”现象,如果把每个修饰成分的嵌套关系都用括号理清楚,会显得非常麻烦,无法使句子显得简单。如上文中的例句,如果我们关注其中修饰成分的嵌套关系,则需要将其处理为:Li Hui is a teacher {teaching English (in Beijing) [which is the capital (of China)]}. 这样处理会导致句中出现很多“括号套括号”的现象,显得非常乱。而用括号连括号的标记法则使句子结构更为清晰。
Step 2: 做直译
经过Step 1的标记之后,句中的修饰成分都被我们用括号标注了出来,而不带括号的主干成分自然浮现在我们眼前,整个句子变成了“一小节一小节”的形式,而每一小节都很容易直接翻译出来。我们在翻译句子时,可利用每个括号里的第一个单词,以“提问和回答”的方式将一个个的括号连接起来。如上面的例句:Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China). 翻译时可先处理为:李辉是个老师。教什么的?教英语。在哪儿教?在北京。哪个北京?是那个首都。谁的首都?中国的首都。这样整个句子的意思就一目了然了。
Step 3: 调语序
我们将Step 2中得到的“译文”再按照中文表达习惯进行一些调整,最终得到了一句地道的中文译文:“李辉是个在中国的首都北京教英语的老师。”或者“李辉是个老师,在中国的首都北京教英语。”事实上,由于大部分省市的高考都不考“英译中”,所以我们一般不必进行Step 3的操作,因为前两个步骤已经能够帮助我们准确理解英语句子了。
真题演练
由于所举例子比较简单,所以上文中的Step 2看起来或许有些多此一举。其实不然。现在,我们来用一些高考题中出现过的长难句来试验上述方法,你会发现理解长难句竟变得如此轻而易举!
真题1 The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. (19词,来自2012年江苏卷阅读理解B篇)
Step1: 做标记
The Department (of Agriculture) has programs (aimed) (at developing more farmers) and (at increasing interest) (in locally grown food).
实际操作过程如下:
括号1:看到of,说明是介词短语,该介词短语到名词Agriculture结束。
括号2:由于has是谓语动词形式,所以可判定句中第二个出现的动词aimed应为非谓语动词;由于该词后面紧接着出现了介词at,按照“一旦出现下一修饰成分,就果断将上一修饰成分结束掉”的原则,我们将aimed用括号单独括起来。
括号3:看到at,说明是介词短语,该介词短语到名词farmers结束。
方框1:and是并列词,该并列词的后面紧接着是由at引导的介词短语,为右并列项,因此左并列项应该同为at引导的介词短语at developing more framers。
括号4:看到in,说明是介词短语,该介词短语到名词food结束。
标记结束后,主干已经非常清晰了,即The Department has programs。
Step2: 做直译
要理解这句话的意思,光知道主干还不够,其他部分代表了关键的细节信息,需要对句子大致进行翻译。根据“组件分析三步法”中所讲解的,要按照句子语序,对被标记后句子的每一小节挨个进行翻译,翻译时利用每小节的头一个单词进行提问和回答。The Department:这个部门;of Agriculture:什么的部门?农业的部门;has programs:有什么?有计划;aimed:针对什么的计划?针对……;at developing more farmers:针对发展更多的农民;and:以及什么?at increasing interest:针对提高利润;in locally grown food:哪方面的利润?本土出产的食物的利润。根据提问和回答后,我们大概理解了这句话的意思:农业部有针对发展更多农民和提高本土出产食物的利润的计划。
Step3: 调语序
将句子语序调整后,得到更地道的译文:农业部已经制定了相关计划,以培养更多农民和提高本土出产的食物的利润。
真题2
If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go. (41词,来自2012年山东卷阅读理解D篇)
Step1: 做标记
(If you started) (to dry clothes) (in the morning) and forgot (to take them out), you can go (to your phone) and restart your dryer (for the time) (when come home), (so your clothes are refreshed and ready) (to go).
具体标记过程如下:
括号1:If引导了条件状语从句,从if开始做标记。
括号2:to dry clothes是非谓语中的不定式,故在to之前结束上一修饰成分。
括号3:in引导介词短语,故结束上一修饰成分。该介词短语标记到名词morning结束。
方框1:and为并列连词,紧跟其后的forgot是其右并列项,向前寻找结构相似的左并列项,发现是started。
括号4:看见to,发现to your phone为非谓语中的不定式,标记到名词phone结束。
方框2:and为并列连词。紧跟其后的restart是其右并列项,向前寻找结构相似的左并列项,发现是go。此处为谓语动词并列。
括号5:for the time为介词短语,标记到名词time结束。
括号6:when come home为定语从句,标记到逗号结束。
括号7:so引导结果状语从句。
括号8:to go为不定式。
Step2: 做直译
参照被标记后的句子,按照句子语序一小节一小节进行提问和回答。If you started:如果什么?如果你开始;to dry clothes:去做什么?烘干衣服;in the morning:在什么时候?在早上;and:而且什么?forgot:而且忘了;to take them out:忘了做什么?把它们拿出来;you can go:你可以去;to your phone:去做什么?去(使用)你的电话;and;并做什么?restart your dryer:并重启你的烘干机;for the time:为了什么?为了这个时间; when come home:当什么时候?当回家的时候;so your clothes are refreshed and ready 这样就怎么了?这样你的衣服就被重新烘干并且准备好了;to go:准备好去做什么?去走(即已经准备好“出炉”了)。
Step3: 调语序
将译文调整之后为:如果你早上开始烘干衣服并忘了把它们拿出来,那么你可以用手机重新启动烘干机,这样在你回到家的时候,衣服已经重新烘干并可以取出来了。
以上讲解为大家演示了“括号法”的具体操作过程。“三长两短一并列”揭示了英语句子的组成规律,而“括号法”给出了快速破解长难句的重要方法。在教学实践中,辉辉老师发现,中等水平的同学经过5~10篇高考阅读理解文章的训练,可以在2分钟内快速读懂一篇文章(Step 1 + Step 2)。遗憾的是,由于书面文字所限,无法像上课那样更为直观、生动地向大家展现这一操作过程,所以想快速掌握此方法的学员可以关注新东方在线的完整版网络课程。期待大家迅速掌握这一方法,勇于实践,熟能生巧,突破英语学习瓶颈。
最后,新东方在线网络课堂高考辅导团队预祝大家备考顺利!
翻译2014年湖北高考英语真汉语翻译题:you've flown halfway 含有aroun
英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧
一个英语句子之所以难以理解,有许多原因,其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开,且插在一个句子中间,使本来完整的句子被断开,因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难句的基本方法是:首先,判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;然后,找出句子的核心成分,分清主语和谓语,再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。
一、处理长难句的原则方法
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句,可这样处理:跳读修饰成分,迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来,我们便可以将长句化为短句,将难句化为易句。具体步骤是:先跳读修饰成分或附加成分,找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句,可这样处理:先找出其中的并列连词,然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系,是因果关系还是转折关系等,最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句,可这样处理:先分清主句与从句,然后弄清从句的性质,即弄清它是什么从句。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句,可这样处理:先分清主句与从句,然后弄清名词性从句,还是状语从句,或是定语从句。注意,弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。
另外,有一点要提醒同学们,在处理长难句时,如果既能正确理解句意,又能将其准确地译成中文,那是最好了。但是,对于有些长难句,要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时)将其译成中文比较困难,此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了,如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文,不仅会浪费时间,而且在许多情况也没有必要。
二、经典高考真题实例分析
下面这篇文章共有194个单词,却只有9个句子,平均每个句子大约有22个单词,是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。
A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second?and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island?is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.
解题分析
1. 跳读插入语:请看文章第一段的'第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干:Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿);第二步理解附加的插入语部分:a 38-square-mile island(该岛面积为38平方英里,而且这是吉尼斯记录之一),这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。
2. 跳读非谓语动词短语:我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语,找出主干:the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土,人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语:Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810(这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的,Tristan da Cunha1810年开始有人居住)。通过这样分解难度,我们读得轻松,理解得准确。
3. 跳读分隔现象:请看文章第二段,这一段有35个单词,却只有一句话。因为该段既包括了分隔现象,又包含了定语从句,又有一个同位语,而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解,未免有点繁杂,抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容,同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句,找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序:Easter Island is coming in a close second(Easter Island is coming in a close secondEaster Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿);然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分:Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿,它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里,在南美西面2,300英里。
4. 跳读定语从句:定语从句在阅读理解中是很常见的,有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰的词,与之关系非常密切,阅读时要特别注意两者的密切联系,跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头理解它的含义,确定它与先行词的修饰关系。如文章第三段的第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句:who were lost at sea. 阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系:不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。而非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切,主要起补充说明作用,它可能出现在主句中间,也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中,阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解,也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾,那阅读时很方便,看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了,因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。如这一段的最后一句:for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年,使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。
英语长难句(三)
翻译:自己手敲
You’ve flown halfway around the world; you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;
你已经游历了大半个世界,而且你已经发现了无论是在falongland或者是泰国都无人曾经听说过的地方(注意:sniff out 本义嗅出,这里引申为发现)。
so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.
所以究竟到这里来干嘛呢?(on earth 究竟)当你坐到一个把你从沙滩上托起的老旧的木质椅子上面之时,你会考虑这个问题。(此句子可以放到前面去)
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
从Bangkok 到 Huaplee 是一段很长的旅程,直到你找到公交站,处理好自己的问题(sort out 本义排序),这将花费差不多和到falongland的旅程一样的时间。
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.
huaplee 就坐落在hua hin的南方,大概离柬埔寨200公里,就在泰国湾的西部。很少有游客会发现这个地方,如果有游客会发现这个地方他们也会纳闷这是不是他们一路以来的目标。
There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.
在这个地方,环绕在你周围的似乎有着懒惰因子。这就是这个地方所提供的,而且也是免费的。拍打着岩石海岸的小小浪花似乎把一切事物的节奏都减慢下来了。你坐在你的椅子之上,准备着来一个长长的休憩。你坐在这,看着大海。
It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.
这是中午刚过,所以厨师出来问你是否在傍晚想吃一点。不久之前,他匆忙赶到市场里,买上了你要求的那些原料,每一餐都是新鲜的,而且都是你要求的,这里,没有菜单。
There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. There’s no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
这里,没有池子岸边的嬉闹杂声,而只有完美的温暖的,洁净的蓝色大海。这里没有街市的杂声,唯一的声音就是自然的低声呢喃。
For now you just count your blessings (福祉), listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾). You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.
如今,你记数着你的福祉,用你的脚趾把他们在沙滩上一一列举出来。你不必去担心工作会迟到,你不必做任何事情。
The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线), slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right; it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.
你右边的沙滩一直延伸到了地平线,慢慢地收窄,消失,又重新在你的左边出现,如今快速地变宽直到延伸覆盖到了你正在坐的椅子下边。沙子突而跑到你的左边,突而你的右边,它是不朽的,永不停息的,没有开始,没有结束,只有沙子,阳光和宁静。走下沙滩,你会重新进入充满交通,压力,工作和忙碌的世界。
Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.
一般情况下,你是那种几乎不能静坐超过十分钟的类型的人,但是你如今来到了 Huaplee Lazy Beach ,而且在思维的结构之中,它延伸到了整个世界的旅途。(意思就是说在这个地方人们可以远离原来的traffic,noise,hurry,用一种不同于原来世界的看法和思维模式来生活。)
“How could it take me so long to find it?” you wonder.
考点考察广告应用类阅读
文章大意本文叙述了泰国美丽的海滨度假胜地Huaplee,作者描述了这里美丽的景色,可口的饭菜以及缓慢的生活节奏。目的在于吸引更多的人来到这里。
63. 答案D
解析推理题。根据文章2,3段It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.和Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.可知从曼谷去那里要花很长的时间,而且很受有游客能够找到这个地方。作者第一次去也花了很长的时间。故D正确。
64. 答案A
解析细节题。根据文章第五段It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.可知在这里吃饭,是没有菜单的。都是量身定做的,故A正确。
65. 答案B
解析推理题。根据文章倒数第二段Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.可知如果你正常是一个很难停下来很忙碌的人,那么来到这里,你就应该忘记一切,享受大自然的美丽。故B正确。
66. 答案D
解析推理题。根据文章最后一段之前的描述可知这里的风景迷人,饭菜可口,生活惬意。作者后悔很晚才发现有这样的地方。故D正确。
长难句解析
1. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
翻译到你找到车子把自己安定好的时候,你会发现所花的时间几乎和从Falongland来航班一样。
分析本句中的by the time到…时为止;引导的是一个时间状语从句,通常都是和完成时连用。如果by the time后面是现在时间,主句就使用现在完成时;如果后面是过去时的时间,主句使用过去完成时。
2. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge.
翻译那是这个地方给你提供的东西,而且它是免费的。
分析本句是由and连接的两个并列句。前一句中的what this place offers是一个表语从句,what引导起这个表语从句,并在表语从句中做动词offer的宾语。
在英语考试中,如何快速读懂阅读中的长难句?
They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over) lean,pointed,dedicated faces ,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bending down for the night on the flatstones outside theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when box offices opens at 10:30 a.m.(考研阅读真题)
结构分析
They all( 主语 )
seem (系动词)
to look alike (表语) (though they come from all over) 让步状语从句
lean,pointed,dedicated faces ,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bending down? 同位语
for the night on the flatstones? 做状语
outside the theatre 做定语修饰flagstones
to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets 做目的状语
held for the sleepers and sold to them(做后置定语修饰20seats and 80 standing room tickets)
when box offices opens at 10:30 a.m.时间状语从句
重点词汇
dedicated adj.专心的,一心一意的
sandals ? n.凉鞋
flagstone n.石板
box office 售票处
参考译文
尽管来自四面八方,他们的外表都是一样的,都是瘦削、专注的面孔,穿着牛仔服和凉鞋在剧院外的石板台阶上席地而卧,等着10:30购买剧院为他们准备的20张坐票和80张站票。
选自 导氮考研? 考研英语? 高分必背长难句100句
纯手打,如有错误,请不吝指教!
求高考英语疑难句翻译资料
很多学生在高考中读英语时总会感到这种困惑。单词都能说,语法也很清楚。就是不能读。(你知道的)。
说到英语考试,小曲相信大部分童鞋都害怕阅读理解。有时我们读完了整个句子,但不知道作家到底在说什么。
大部分标题都可以用“关键词定位”方法解决,但如果遇到前一篇要考虑的主题,定位方法也没有用。那么,在我们尽可能阅读全文、理解文章意思的基础上,有没有办法帮助我们不害怕任何题目呢?(另一方面)。
第一步,选择困难的单词
首先,你们要从句子中挑出困难的单词。让我们来看看是否因为不理解这些困难单词的意思而影响了整个句子的理解。
第二部分,分析语法结构
长难句之所以难,是因为它包含了很多修饰的成分。有很多同谓词、定语从句等,这些修饰成分会导致句子特别长,找不到句子的主干。
只要四个阶段就可以了!请帮助我征服英语阅读的长句!学渣学霸的视角大曝光。
第三阶段,寻找骨干
在第二个阶段的基础上,要剥离这些修饰成分,提取句子的核心梗。就像在小学语文中学习收缩句一样,只留下句子的主体-谓语-空结构。
四级句子翻译
文章的梗被发现,各公式成分也被发现,然后逐一击破,理解各公式成分是描述主句的部分,根据找到的困难单词的解释翻译句子。(另一方面)。
英语是高考语、游泳、三门必考科目中短时间内提高分数最快、得分最多的科目。山东潍坊出身的川老师的一名学生在高考最后一个月英语成绩突飞猛进,最后高考的时候比任何时候都高出近30分,最终成功进入山东大学。
祝即将高考的所有孩子都能考上自己理想的大学,拥有美好的未来。
08年高考英语阅读长难句解析
1.Their study found that theobromine,found in cocoa,was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine,which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment,“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
(NMET2008全国 ll D篇)
译文:目前,可卡因是最佳的止咳药物,可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱,其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道:这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得?巴恩斯教授说道:“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。
简析:第一个句子中有一个宾语从句,宾语从句中有一过去分词短语found in cocoa作定语,还有一个非限制性定语从句;第二个句子中有一个定语从句。
实例: 53.According to Professor Barnes,theobromine______.
A.cannot be as effective as codeine
B.can be harmful to people’s health
C.cannot be separated from chocolate
D.can be a more effective cure for coughs
2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth’s surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere,30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江苏卷B篇)
简析:句子中含有两个定语从句,这是解题的关键。 either ...or连结的是并列结构。
译文:来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面,这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中,有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射,剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。
实例: 60.Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface because most of it is______.
A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere
B.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere
C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere
D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes
3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.
(NMET 2008 山东卷D篇)
简析:第一句中夹杂有一个结果状语从句,又有复杂主语。主语的中心语为The response,其后的to her request for help为后置定语,第二句是由and并列的两个简单句,其中第二句中承前省略了主语kids FACE。
译文:人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有300,000名成员,并且它是世界上最大的青少年环保组织。
实例:72.Kids F.A.C.E is______.
A.a program to help students with writing
B.a project of litter recycling
C.a campaign launched by President Bush
D.a club of environmental protection
73.What can we learn about Poe?
A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.
B.She donated billboard across the country.
C.She got positive responses for her efforts
D.She joined the National Park Service.
4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人) group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷C篇)
简析:夹杂定语从句和形式宾语结构。
译文:对他来说,不关心自己的学习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他的同龄人的影响。
实例: 64.Why did Tom give up studying?
A.He disliked his teachers.
B.His parents no longer supported him.
C.It’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.
D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school.
5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away,or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇)
简析:句子中夹杂着固定短语,v-ing式作主语,复杂主语,v-ing式作结果状语以及定语从句。
译文:无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了。对许多人而言,面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花了乱、不知所措,结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去,或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。
实例:73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?
A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.
B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.
C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.
D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.
6.As the only girl in a family of seven children,she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers,as well as her father,tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportant,she retreated(躲避) into books.Despite her love of reading,she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷A篇)
简析:第一句主干结构为she felt like ...because ...,句首内容为状语,because从句中有一个插入成份。第二句中v-ing作状语表原因。第三句主干结构为:she didn’t ...because ...。
译文:作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩,她常常有一种感觉,就是她拥有“七个父亲”,原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制她。由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故,她总是埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书,可是在小学她的成绩不佳,因为她太害羞而不能积极地参与。
实例:36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?
A.She had seven brothers.
B.She felt herself a nobody.
C.She was too shy to go to school.
D.She did not have any good teachers.
7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or,in summer,they may think it is the heat.However,the real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time —about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.
(NMET 2008 四川卷C篇)
简析:句中夹杂两个宾语从句,一个时间状语从句和一个what引导的表语从句。
译文:他们可能认为吃午饭是他们困乏的原因。或者在夏天,他们可能认为是炎热的缘故。然而,真正的原因在于他们身体的内部。在那时,也就是说,在你醒来大约八个小时之后,你的体温开始呈下降的趋势。这就是使你行动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因。
实例:44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?
A.They eat too much for lunch.
B.They sleep too little at night.
C.Their body temperature becomes lower.
D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.
8.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills,while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先),among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt,according to one research.(NMET 2008陕西卷E篇)
简析:第一句中包含一个that引导的同位语从句,在其中又有一个that引导的定语从句,还有一介词 + 关系代词(among whom)引导的定语从句。注意more women之后省去了与前半句中相同的take up jobs that require ...。
译文:大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实:更多的男性从事空间技能的工作,而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代,据一项研究表明,在他们当中,女性做的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工作,男性做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间技能的工作。
实例:59.Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?
A.Young boys may be stronger than young girls.
B.More women take up jobs requiring speech skills
C.Women may have stronger feelings than men.
D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.
9.In those days,IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it.However,a lot of IP,including songs,films,books and artwork,can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet.(NMET2008江西卷D篇)
简析:句中有since引导的原因状语从句,v-ing式作定语(including ...)和状语(without paying .../using the Internet)。
译文:在那个时代,知识产权很容易受到保护,因为不付费想得到知识产权是很困难的。然而,现在许多知识产权包括歌曲、**、书籍和艺术品通过使用因特网都可以免费下载。
实例: 69.What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?
A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.
B.It sells songs and films.
C.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.
D.It prevents the production of artwork.
70.According to paragraph 2,what has “taken the world by storm”?
A.Intellectual property rights.
B.The Internet.
C.Free downloading.
D.The large number of songs,films and books.
10.The busier we are,the more important we seem to ourselves and,we imagine,to others.To be unavailable to our friends and family,and to be unable to find time to relax—this has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)
简析:句中有“The + 比较级,the + 比较级”的结构,还有复杂的不定式结构。
译文:我们越忙,对我们自己而言,而且我们也以为在其他人看来,我们越重要。我们无空帮助朋友,找不到时间照顾家庭,找不到自己放松的时间,这已经成为了成功生活的模式。
实例:74.According to Paragraph 4,a successful person is one who is believed to ____ .
A.be able to work without stress
B.be more talented than other people
C.be more important than anyone else
D.be busy working without time to rest
11.The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑),for example—are more likely to use sunscreen.As a result,it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.(NMET 2008福建卷E篇)
简析:第一句的主体结构为:The research said that ...is that they failed to ...,其中第一个that引导一个宾语从句,宾语从句中又含有一个倒装结构,其中主语为that they often ...的一个主语从句,表语为among the problems with ...。破折号间内容为插入语。
译文:研究员们说,早期研究带来的问题之一是他们没有考虑到那些最有可能患皮肤癌人,比如皮肤白皙和有雀斑的人。可是皮肤白皙的和有雀斑的人最有可能使用防晒剂,结果是好像防晒剂的使用者患皮肤癌更常见。
实例:73.People with fair skin and freckles______.
A.seldom use sunscreen
B.are more in danger of skin cancer
C.can be free from the harm of the sun
D.often expose themselves to the sun
12.Yocum and Bell,who have just completed an art gallery for the city,feel that the experience from decoration of their building,focusing on the inside rather than the outside,has influenced their work.It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.(NMET 2008湖南卷B篇)
简析:该句中有一个who引导的定语从句,两个宾语从句(分别由that及how引导),v-ing式作定语。第一句的主体结构为:Yocum and Bell feel that the experience has influenced their work。
译文:刚刚为这座城市建成艺术画廊的约克姆和贝尔,确切感受到装饰他们自己的房子中获得的经验,也就是说,把装饰的注意力放在房子的里面而不是外面对他们的工作产生了影响。同时这使这两位建筑师有了一次机会去展示他们是如何以较少的钱做更多的事。
实例:63.It can be inferred from the passage that Yocum and Bell______.
A.benefited a lot from pulling down the roof
B.turned more old buildings into art galleries
C.got inspiration from decorating their old building
D.paid more attention to the outside of the gallery