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高考英语语法填空冠词-高考英语冠词练习
tamoadmin 2024-08-10 人已围观
简介1.英语冠词用法2.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-冠词之差 意义有别3.高考英语语法: 不定冠词的省略与重复4.高考英语考点英语冠词用法冠词的用法详解冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero
1.英语冠词用法
2.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-冠词之差 意义有别
3.高考英语语法: 不定冠词的省略与重复
4.高考英语考点
英语冠词用法
冠词的用法详解
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。
1 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a(an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。
1)表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物。
a boy an le
2)代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3)词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / he a cold / he a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
2 定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物:
the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth
4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:
Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
She caught me by the arm. . 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国
the United States美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)
11)用在惯用语中:
in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday,the next morning,
in the sky(water,field,country)
in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,
in the middle(of),in the end,
on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre
3 零冠词的用法
1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;
Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。
5)在季节、月份、节日、 日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7)在三餐、球类运动和运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:he breakfast,play chess
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can't write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;
10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:
school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;
go to hospital去医院看病
go to the hospital去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
11)不用冠词的序数词;
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中at(the)first,first of all,from first to last
4 冠词位置
1)不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a. 位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,
I he never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I he ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Bre a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2)定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。
高考英语语法:高中英语语法-冠词之差 意义有别
《高中英语语法-冠词之差 意义有别》由liuxue86我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
冠词之差 意义有别
英语中有不少词组,从形式看好象只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。现撷数例,以引起读者的注意:
1. in front of 在?(外)的前面
in the front of 在?(内)的前面
There?s a garden in front of the classroom.
There?s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
2. in charge of 掌管;负责
in the charge of 在?负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project.
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.
3. at table 在用饭;吃饭时
at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table.
They sat at the table, talking and laughing.
4. by day 白天;日间
by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day.
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.
5. take place 发生;举行
take the place 代替;接替
When did this conversation take place?
Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.
6. in words 用言语
in a word 总之
Please express your thought in words.
In a word, I don?t trust you.
7. at times 有时;不时
at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times.
Pass me the bricks two at a time.
8. little 少;不多的
a little 一些;一点点
Hurry up, there?s little time left.
Don?t hurry, you still he a little time.
9. few 很少;几乎没有的
a few 有些;几个
He is a man of few words.
Only a few of the children can read.
10.a most interesting 非常有趣的
the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词的最高级)
This is a most interesting story.
This is the most interesting story of the three.
11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士
a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
A doctor and nurse is standing there.
A doctor and a nurse are standing there.
12.A number of 许多;好些
the number of ?(的)数目
A number of students are in the classroom.
The number of students in the classroom is forty. 《高中英语语法-冠词之差 意义有别》由liuxue86我整理
高考英语语法: 不定冠词的省略与重复
高考英语语法:不定冠词的省略与重复
1、在不引起误会的情况下,两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略。如:
The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人和物的名称。
2、当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时,后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略。如:
His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。
但如果要强调这两种身份,也可用两个不定冠词。如:
His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父亲既是教师,又是诗人。
有时,由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体,也可只用一个冠词。如:
A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm. 一对男女手挽着手走着。
3、两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时,若该名词指的是两个事物,则通常应分别使用两个冠词。如:
We he a black and a white cat. 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
比较。如:We he a black and white cat. 我们养了一只黑白花猫。
但是,有时两个并列的名词指一个事物,为了加强语气,也有了两个冠词。如:
It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。
4、有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物,通常只在其前使用一个冠词。如:
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托
a horse and cart 一辆马车
a needle and thread 一根带线的针
hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车
有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时)。如:with knife and fork 用刀叉
5、当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时,通常应重复两个冠词。如:
Give me a pen, not a pencil. 给我一支钢笔,不是铅笔。
Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本,还是想要本字典?
高考英语考点
识在于积累、学习在于思考
1
2015
年高考英语语法单选超级归纳
一、冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(
a, an
)
,定冠词(
the
)
,和零冠词。
I.
不定冠词的用法
1
指一类人或事,相当于
a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2
第一次提及某人某物,非特指
A boy is waiting for you.
有个男孩在等你。
3
表示“每一”相当于
every
one
We study eight hours a day.
4
表示“相同”相当于
the same
We are nearly of an age.
5
用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或
事
—
Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—
Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A.
不填
B. a
C. the
D. one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
(活雷锋)
6
用于固定词组中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, he a walk, many a time
7
用于
quite, rather, many, half, what, such
之后
This room is rather a big one.
8
用于
so(as, too, how)+
形容词之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9
用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
success(
抽象名词
)
→
a success(
具体化
)
成功的人或事
a failure
失败的人或事
a shame
带来耻辱的人或事
a pity
可惜或遗憾的事
a must
必需必备的事
a good knowledge of
精通掌握某一方面的知识
II.
定冠词的用法
1
表示某一类人或物
In
many
places
in
China,
___
bicycle
is
still
___
popular
means
of
transportation.
A. a; the
B. /; a
C. the; a
D. the; the
2
用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4
用于演奏乐器
play the violin, play the guitar
5
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the reach, the living, the wounded
6
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
(对比上文的不定冠词用法
5
)
—
Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—
Sorry, we don’t he ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. /; the
D. the; /
7
用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前
He is the taller of the two children.
8
用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9
用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
10
在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990’s
(
二十世纪九十年代
)
11
用于表示度量单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
12
用于方位名词,身体部位名词
He patted me on the shoulder.
III.
不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法
1
专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前
Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2
名词前有
this, my, whose, some, no, each, every
等限制
I want this book, not that one. /
Whose purse is this?
3
季节,月份,星期,节日,一日三餐前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4
表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前
Lincoln was made President of America.
5
表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前
He likes playing football/chess.
6
与
by
连用表示交通方式的名词前
We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving
across ______ continent.
A. the; the
B.
不填;
the
C. the;
不填
D.
不填;不填
7
以
and
连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
知识在于积累、学习在于思考
2
8
表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses are useful animals.
二、
名词和主谓一致
I.
名词的种类
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名,团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
特别注意名词类别的相互转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例
句
意
义
名词性质
①
She held some flowers in her hand.
②
The trees are now in flower
花儿
个体名词
开花
抽象名词
①
Youth is beautiful.
②
He is a youth of twenty
青春
抽象名词
年轻人
个体名词
①
They he achieved remarkable success in their work.
②
—
How about the Christmas evening party?
—
I should say it was a success.
成功
抽象名词
成功的事
个体名词
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例
句
意
义
名词性质
①
Iron is a kind of metal.
②
Please lend me your iron.
铁
物质名词
熨斗
个体名词
①
He broke a piece of glass.
②
He broke a glass.
玻璃
物质名词
玻璃杯
个体名词
①
I bought a chicken this morning
②
Please help yourself to some chicken
小鸡
个体名词
鸡肉
物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用
与某些动词(如:
he
等)连
用,表示某一次短暂的动作
①—
I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.
—
Well, you could he____word with the manager. He might be helpful
A.some,a
B.an,some
C.some,some
D.an,a
②
They sent us
word of the latest henings.
消息
(抽象名词)
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
③
Could we he
word before you go to the meeting?
话(个体名词)
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
类例:
he a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look
take a walk/a bath
make an advance(
进步
)/make an early start(
早点出发
)
/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(
发出痛苦的叫声
) /give a try
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转
换为普通名词时可以用来表示
其中的一部分
①
Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today.
A.a,
/
B.the, an
C.the, the
D. /, the
a knowledge of truth(
知道实际情况
)
give a fuller knowledge of China(
提供关于中国更为翔实的知识
)
he a knowledge of shorthand(
有速记的知识
)
②
If there were no examination, we should he______at school.
A.the hiest time
B.a more hier time
C.much hiest time
D.a much hier time
③
is money.
A.The time
B.A time
C.Time
D.Times
抽象名词转换为普通名词可用
来表示“一次、一阵、一种”
具体的行为、、现象或结
果。这时名词前往往有形容词
修饰
①
Oh, John. _____you ge me!
A.How a pleasant surprise
B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surprise
D. What pleasant surprise
②
She looked up
when I shouted.
A.in a surprise
B.in the surprise
C.in surprise
D.in some surprise
其它例子:
The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We he had some unpleasant surprise
③
It is_____work of art that everyone wants to he a look at it.
A.so unusual
B. such unusual
C.such an unusual
D.so an unusual
II.
名词的数
规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加
-s
或
-es
(参看有关语法书)
。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请
看下表
规
则
例
词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species
3
只有复数形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
知识在于积累、学习在于思考
3
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, cattle, staff
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数
(整体)
也可以作复数
(成
员)
audience,
class,
family,
crowd,
couple,
group,
committee,
,
population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(
海关
),
forces(
军队
),
times(
时代
),
spirits(
情绪
),
drinks(
饮料
),
sands(
沙滩
),
papers(
文件报纸
),
manners(
礼貌
),
looks(
外表
),
brains(
头脑
智力
), greens(
青菜
), ruins(
废墟
)
7
表示
“某国人”
加
-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以
-man
或
-woman
结
尾
的
改
为
-men,-women
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
women singers, men servants
III.
主谓一致
规则
情
况
举
例
语
法
一
致
原
则
以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,
动名词短语或从句作主
语时,
谓语动词一般用单数形式;
主语为复数时,
谓语动词
用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
What he said is very important for us all.
由
what
引导的主语从句,
后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,
但若表语是复数或
what
从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构
时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
what I bought were three English books.
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
由连接词
and
或
both
and
连接起来的主语后面,
要用复数
形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由
and
连接的并列单数
主
语
前
如
果
分
别
有
no,
each,
every
或
more
than
a
(an)/one,many
a
(an)
修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
either, neither, each, every
或
no+
单数名词和由
some, any no,
every
构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
.
Lucy and Lily are twins
The writer and artist has come.
Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl likes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
Each of us has a new book.
Is everyone here today?
Somebody is speaking in class.
Everything around us is matter
若
none
of
后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单
数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可
以。
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (he) been to America.
在定语从句里,关系代词
that, who, which
等作主语时,其
谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致
It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.
It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;
如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
His family has moved to the south .(
他的一家
)
His family are watching TV.
(他的家人)
Class four is on the third floor.
(四班)
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
(四班的学生)
由
a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the
majority
of+
名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数
+
名词构
成的短语作主语时,
其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词
的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外,还有
a number of +
复数名词有类似的用法(用复数)
,但
the number of +
复数名词的数就得依
number
而定(用单数)
A number of students he gone to the farm to help the farmer pick
les.
The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
Between the two hills stands a monument.
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