英语高考时态和语态_高考时态语态总结

1.高中英语语法填空做题技巧

2.高考英语改错十个考点

3.英语语态问题尽可能详细解释下

4.英语学习资料：2015年高考英语同步训练之动词的时态和语态

5.高考英语句子分析？

6.高考怎样看这道题考的是非谓语动词还是动词的时态和语态 急！！！

现在完成时(have/has done, have/has been done)

1.现在完成时常用的时间状语有lately，recently，just，already，yet，up to now，till now，so far，to this day，in the past few years/months/weeks/days，over the past few years，during the last three months，for the last few centuries，through centuries，throughout history等。

2.在时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以用现在完成时代替将来完成时。例如：

Mother won’t let her watch TV until she has finished her homework.母亲要到她做完作业才让她看电视。

The dinner party will begin after all the guests arrive/have arrived.所有的客人到了以后，聚餐就开始了。

3.has/have been to与has/have gone to的区别。has/have been to表示“曾去过”，说明有某种经历；has/have gone to表示“已去某地(在途中或已经到达目的地)。例如：

They have been to Sweden many times.他们去过瑞典许多次了。

Jack isn’t in. He has gone to the supermarket.杰克不在，他去超市了。

4.现在完成时特别强调瞬间动词和持续性动词。瞬间动词表示短暂、不能持续一段时间的动作，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die，而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作，如work，stay，live，learn等。下面列举一些常用的瞬间动词和对应的持续性动词：leave，be away；die，be dead；put on，wear；fall ill，be ill；borrow，keep；catch cold，have a cold；buy，have；join the army，be in the army。例如：

My brother has been in the army for some time.我兄弟参军有一段时间了。

My brother joined the army some time ago.我兄弟是一段时间以前参的军。

He has been up for an hour.他起床有一小时了。

He got up an hour ago.他一小时前起的床。

Jack has been a soldier for some time.杰克当兵有段时间了。

Jack became a soldier some time ago.杰克是在一段时间前当的兵。

但是，瞬间动词的肯定结构可以用不与“for+时间段”连用的现在完成时，说明某个动作已经发生；瞬间动词的否定结构可以与“for+时间段”连用，说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间。例如：

Hurry up! The film has begun.快一点！**已经开始了。

We haven’t heard from her for a long time.我们很久没收到她的来信了。

5.句型It is/has been + 时间段 + since(从句的谓语动词用一般过去时) 例如：

It is two months since they came here.他们来这里两个月了。

It is ten years since his father died.他父亲去世有十年了。

6.持续性动词用于含有till/until的句子结构，表示该动作一直持续到某时间终止；而瞬间动词的否定结构用于till/until句子中，表示某动作不发生的状态延续到某时间终止，可译为“直到……才……”。例如：

They went on working till supper time.他们继续工作到晚餐时间。

They didn’t stop wording till supper time.他们一直到晚餐时间才停止工作。

I will stay until you come.我会等到你来。

I won’t leave until you come.直到你来了，我才会离开。

7.句型this is the first/ second/ third … time that(从句的谓语动词用现在完成时) 例如：四、现在完成进行时(have/has been doing, 一般不用该时态的被动语态)

与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调，在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。例如：

It seems oil has been leaking from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right. 看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。

At last you come! I have been waiting for you for the whole morning.你终于来了，整个上午我都在等你。

现在完成时几个值得注意的问题

关于现在完成时，现行教材着重处理了“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”。无论哪种用法都强调一点，即过去动作给现在带来的结果或对现在造成的影响。因此现在完成时不是属于过去时，而是属于现在时的范畴。但在高考复习中，还应该注意一些相关的问题才能对此时态有一个全面的把握。

一、

“已完成用法”是针对瞬间动词（即非延续性动词）而言的，动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成，而后果或影响至今仍存在。这些瞬间动词常用的有：start，finish，turn

off / on，lose，become，leave，open，close，join等。例如：

Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚把灯关上。

I’ve finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。

I have lost my pen. 我把笔弄丢了。

She has become a teacher. 她已经当了一名老师。

表示“已完成用法”的对应时间状语只能是表示时间点的词，如just, now, already, yet, not ...

yet，或者干脆不带时间状语，如上述例句中的后两个。

但是瞬间动词与时间段状语如for a week / three

days连用时，并非指瞬间动词的动作延续了多久，而是包含下述两层意思：①谓语动作已完成，②接续动作要持续多久。例如：

He has come here for three days. 他来了，准备待三天。

He has left Shanghai for New York for two years.

他已离开上海去纽约，要在那里住两年。

显然若把上述两句理解成“他已来了三天”和“他已离开上海去纽约两年了”都是错误的。

二、

“未完成用法”是针对延续性动词而言的，主要表示从过去开始的动作已持续到现在，而且还会继续下去。动词多为work，study，live，know等，所带的时间状语也是持续性的，如lately，these

days，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，so far，up to

now等。例如：

I have studied English since 1995. 我从1995年起开始就学习英语。

He has lived here for two years. 他住在这儿已经两年了。

但是延续性动词的完成时不带时间状语则不是说明“过去开始的动作已持续到现在，而且还会继续下去”，而是说明“动作已经结束，而影响还留在现在”。例如：

She has been a teacher. 她当过教师。（含义：她现在不是教师了，在干别的工作。）

（比较：She has been a teacher for three years.

她当教师已有三年。——现在还是教师。）

三、

按英语语法规律，瞬间动词不能和表示时间段的状语连用，但是汉语里，却可以这样，因此英汉两种语言在转换时必然有障碍。在这里，只要抓住转换规律，矛盾就会迎刃而解。现把中学阶段由瞬间性转为延续性的若干对动词列举于下面：

die → be dead

go out → be out

open → be open

begin / start → be on

buy / get → have / keep

get up → be up

arrive in / come to / get to / reach → be in

close → be closed

fall / become → be

marry → be married to

get to know → know

finish / end → be over

leave / move → be away / be out of

join → be in

borrow → keep

catch → have

come back → be back

put on → wear / have on

wake → be awake

此外还须记住一些由瞬间动词转换为延续性动词的常用句型：

1） 瞬间动词的过去时 + ... ago → 延续性动词的现在完成时 + for + 一段时间。例如：

他参军三年了。

He joined the army three years ago. → He has been a soldier

for three years.

**已开始十分钟了。

The film started ten minutes ago. → The film has been on for

ten minutes.

2）使用句型“It is / has been + 一段时间 + since +瞬间动词的一般过去时”。例如：

他父亲已去世两年了。

It is / has been two years since his father died.

从上述几点可以看出，在英语学习中，建立起延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念对我们是非常重要的。

四、 正确理解since引导的时间状语从句。

since引导时间状语从句有三种情况：

1） “since + 瞬间动词的过去时”。其从句中的动作已在过去完成，这是我们熟知的句型。例如：

We’ve been friends since we met at school. 我们自从在学校认识以来一直是朋友。

2） “since +

延续性动词的过去时”。它的要点是：时间从延续动词结束后计算，这与瞬间动词的计算不同，现行教材基本没有讲到。例如：

It is three years since he smoked. 他戒烟已经三年了。（= It is three

years since he stopped smoking.）

3） “since + 延续性动词的现在完成时”。其从句的动作或状态延续至今。例如：

They have the deepest affection for the old professor since

they have worked with him.

自打同这位老教授一同工作以来，他们就对他怀有最深切的感情。（他们和教授现在仍然一起共事）

五、 注意以下几个完成时的句型在含义上的区别。

1） have gone to somewhere表示“去了某地（说话时当事人不在场）”，用于第三人称。例如：

He (They) has (have) gone to Beijing. 他（们）去了北京。（现在仍在北京）

不能说：I / We / You have gone to Beijing.

2） have been to

somewhere“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各种人称。所要求的时间状语是与倍数相关的词，如once，ever，never，twice，several

times，many times等。例如：

I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。

How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？

3） 在“It / This is the first / second time ...

that从句”中，that从句部分要用现在完成时。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

这是我第一次到这座城市。

This is the second time that they have finished the work ahead

of time. 这是他们第二次提前完成工作。

4） “This is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + that从句”结构中，that从句要用现在完成时态。例如：

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的**。

六、 瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式一般不与一段时间状语连用，但是它的否定式和被动式常与一段时间状语连用。例如：

We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. 我们很久都没有收到简的来信了。

七、介词短语如in the past years，in the last few years，over the last

century，during the past ten years以及since two years

ago等，虽然含有明确的过去时间，但句子仍然要用现在完成时。例如：

With the rapid growth of population, the city in all

directions in the past five years. (2003北京、安徽)

A. spreads B. has spread

C. spread D. had spread

They have been in poverty since two years ago when the plague

hit the village. 从两年前这个村子遭受瘟疫以来他们就一直处于贫困之中。

巩固练习

1. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste

like anything I before. (NMET 2005)

A. was having B. have

C. have ever had D. had ever had

2. His father for five months.

A. had died B. has been dead

C. is dead D. has died

3. —Have you been to our town before?

—No, it’s the first time I _____ here.

A. even; come B. even; have come

C. ever; come D. ever; have come

4. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent

science that people who don’t sleep

well soon get ill. (2005广东)

A. showed B. has shown

C. will show D. is showing

5. The first use of atomic weapons was in

1945, and their power increased

enormously ever since. (2004上海)

A. is B. was

C. has been D. had been

6. My brother is an actor. He in

several films so far. (2005浙江)

A. appears B. appeared

C. has appeared D. is appearing

7. —How are you today?

—Oh, I as ill as I do now for a very

long time.

A. didn’t fell B. wasn’t feeling

C. don’t fell D. haven’t felt

8. —The window is dirty.

—I know. It for weeks. (NMET 2004)

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

9. 在过去六百年中，人类社会发生了很大变

化。

10. 他离开这个村子已经五年了。

Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. During the

past 6 hundred years, great changes have taken place in human

society. 10. He left the village five years ago. / It is five years

since he left the village. / He has been away from the village for

five years.

--How long ______ he ______ a fever?

--- Ever since last night.

A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have

解析：此句表示从昨晚起持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，去掉答案D。因为是段时间， 所以不能用短暂行动词，get和catch 都是短暂行动词。 因此选B.

My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?

A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank

解析：碗是空的了，这里强调的是所发生的动作造成的结果。 "谁把我的汤都喝了。应选C.

--How long ______ he ______ a fever?

--- Ever since last night.

A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have

解析：此句表示从昨晚起持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，去掉答案D。因为是段时间， 所以不能用短暂行动词，get和catch 都是短暂行动词。 因此选B.

My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?

A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank

解析：碗是空的了，这里强调的是所发生的动作造成的结果。 "谁把我的汤都喝了。应选C.

3. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?

A. Didn't seen; did, go B. didn't see; have, gone C. haven't seen; have, been D. haven't seen; have gone

解析：for+段时间一般预先在完成时连用。"你去哪儿了？ "（在这段时间你不在）应选C。

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案：A. find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

seen, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean

我自己整理的..希望采纳O(∩_∩)O~

The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。

高中英语语法填空做题技巧

英语五种基本句型：

基本句型一： S+V （主＋谓）

基本句型二： S+V+P （主＋谓＋表）

基本句型三： S+V+O （主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四： S+V+o+O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五： S+V+O+C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

可以看出变化都是从动词开始的。所以要掌握好动词的性质、特点。可以围绕动词来学。

英语是通过动词的时态来表示发生的先后，是现在，过去，还是将来。

动词的语态，主动和被动。

动词的数，单数还是复数。

动词的性质，是及物还是不及物。

以后复杂的句子都是从几个句型扩展而来的。包括各种复合句。其它的再补充进去。

当然依据不同，建立的体系也不同。自己也总结了才是自己的。

高考英语改错十个考点

语法填空题并不难，只要抓住四大技巧即可，这四大技巧叫做：语法分析法、排除法、验证法和找关键信息词。下面我给大家分享一些高中英语语法填空做题技巧，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!

高中英语语法填空做题技巧

技巧一：名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例：There are many students living at school，the (child) houses are all far from schoo1.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

例：A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出， 报告 是“将来”作的，故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。

例：The king decided to see the painter by (he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和高级的变化。构成比较级和高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和.est，或在词前Imore/less和most/least，且形容词的高级还要冠以the。

高中英语语法填空解题 方法

冠词

名词前设空必须假设是否填入冠词，可翻译成“这，那，这些”符合逻辑的，尽量回避this，that，these等。应该填冠词。固定搭配除外。还有，序数词，形容词高级前更要注意填冠词。

名词

名词复数。

1.前面有很多数量词时，one of，many，several，a few，both，dozens of等，必须用复数。

2.谓语动词是复数，必用复数。

3.后文出现they之类的复数名词暗示。

4.可数名词无限定词修饰。用复数

代词

主I宾me分场合，动介之后用宾格。

名前用my，单独mine，主宾相同要反身。

形容词，副词

比较级形式要看清楚，动词用副词修饰。副词可在动词前也可以在后。

只能接原级：very，quite，pretty，too，enough，so，as，more，less，most

高中英语语法填空怎么学好

一、语法分析法。

语法结构题是提供一定微型语言环境，在这种语境中，只能选择正确的语法结构。选择正确的语法结构，解题时认真阅读题干，找出所需语法项目的线索，这样选择就会准确无误。如：

____ in this way can we master English.

A. Only B. Obviously C. When D. Unless

这里主句中的情态动词can提前，放在了主语we前面，因此，需要 句子 开头要有一个要求倒装结构的字，只有only开头的句子要求倒装结构，而且它的意思放在句子中也正合题意，所以选择B。

二、排除法。

排除法是解决语法问题中最常用的方法，一般在四个选择项中有两个以上语法错误或逻辑意义上不合理的均可用此法。

The movie was ____ than I expected.

A. far more interesting B. so much interesting C. so more interesting D. so interesting

这个题目的关键字是than，说明这题是比较级题型，不含比较级的B和D可以首先排除，C项中的副词so不能与more interesting连用，也应该排除，那么剩下的A项就是答案。

三、验证法。

有些题目一看就心中有数，填入答案后为慎重起见，可验证一下，这类选项主要与固定搭配或某些动词的固定用法有关，如：

He suggested that the meeting ____.

高中英语语法填空做题技巧相关 文章 ：

★ 高中英语语法填空的解题技巧

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★ 高考英语语法填空技巧

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★ 高中英语语法填空必备技巧

★ 英语语法填空技巧高三

英语语态问题尽可能详细解释下

上下文语义矛盾、缺漏和多余、介词误用、代词误用、非谓语动词错用、误用形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一、一致性方面的错误、用词不当、逻辑关系混乱、时态、语态错误。 扩展资料 (一)上下文语义矛盾：通过对近年改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的'就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定。(二)缺漏和多余：缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现场。(三)介词误用：介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要考点等。

英语学习资料：2015年高考英语同步训练之动词的时态和语态

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,

被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变 化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词)

一般现在时

例Visitors

are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2） has /have been done 现在完成时

例All

the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例A

new cinema is being built here．

4） was/were done 一般过去时

例I

was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5） had been done 过去完成时

例

By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6） was/were being done 过去进行时

例A

meeting was being held when I was there.

7） shall/will be done/ be going to be

done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时

例Hundreds

of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8） should/would be done/ was\were

going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be to done一般将来时

例The

news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）

例The

project will have been completed before July.

10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）

例He

told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The

baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His

mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by

his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone

caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a

cigarette.

4）在使役动词have,

make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel,

observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone

saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk

into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The

meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式

to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)

例I

don't like being laughed at in the public.

　二、

It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,

consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said

that… 据说,It

is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It

is hoped that…大家希望，It

is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It

is suggested that…据建议。　

例It

is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is

said to have passed the national exam. ）

　三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例

This kind of cloth washes well.

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The

door won't lock． （指门本身有毛病）

The door

won't be locked． （指不会有人来锁门,

指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out,

come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

　 例Your reason

sounds reasonable.

　四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。

1． 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house

needs repairing（to

be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

2． 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

　例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)

试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be

posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.

5． 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）

7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

　五、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。

1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。

例The building is under construction( is being

constructed).

2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope． 我们的成功始料不及。

例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．

3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。

例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．

4．“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。

例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).

5．“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。　

例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)

6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。

例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are

being showed).

7．“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。　

例 The plane was out of control (can’t be

controlled)． 。

8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。

例He took two days off within the teacher's permission．

　六、被动语态与系表结构的区别

当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：

1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。

例The glass is broken． （系表结构）

The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）

2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

例The door is locked． （系表结构）

The door hasalready/just been locked．（被动语态）

3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

例 The machine is being repaired．

　七、被动语态与高考试题赏析

1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and

sugar. (NMET1993)

A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___

trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)

A. killed B. is killed

C. was killed D. was killing

解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?

---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being

painted B. are painting

C. are painted D. are being painting

解析 A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。

4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___

yet. （上海春2003）

A. are not decided B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5). The manager entered the office and was happy to

learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.（上海春2001）

A. was booked B. had been booked

C. were booked D. have been booked

解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查

当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old

couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)

A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. seen

解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2). While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___

into buying something they don’t really need. （上海1996）

A. to persuaded B. persuading

C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

3）. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the

spoiled child. （上海2002）

A. is to blame B. is going to blame

C. is to be blamed D. should blame

解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。

高考英语句子分析？

2015年高考英语同步训练之动词的时态和语态

Ⅰ.单项填空

2013年高考真题：

1. “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I ______ president，” said the boy, with a *** ile.(湖南)

A. have been B. am

C. was D. will be

2. Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ______ us.(湖南)

A. bothers B. had bothered

C. would bother D. bothered

3. If nothing ______， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.(湖南)

A. does B. had been done

C. will do D. is done

4. — Have you heard about the recent election?

— Sure, it ______ the only thing on the news for the last three days.(湖南)

A. would be B. is

C. has been D. will be

5. — I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.

— I'm so sorry. But I ______ my homework. (湖南)

A. had done B. was doing

C. would do D. am doing

6. Shakespeare's play Hamlet ______ into at least ten different films over the past years. (北京)

A. had been made B. was made

C. has been made D. would be made

7. — Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late?

— No, Swiss Air is usually on time.(北京)

A. were B. will be

C. would be D. have been

8. Hurry up! Mark and Carol ______ us.(北京)

A. expect B. are expecting

C. have expected D. will expect

9. — So what is the procedure?

— All the applicants ______ before a final decision is made by the authority. (北京)

A. interview

B. are interviewing

C. are interviewed

D. are being interviewed

10. We ______ very early so we packed the night before.(新课标Ⅱ)

A. leave B. had left

C. were leaving D. have left

11. If we ______ now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it. (新课标Ⅰ)

A. hadn't acted B. haven't acted

C. don't act D. won't act

12. When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ______ my mind.(新课标Ⅰ)

A. have changed B. change

C. had changed D. would change

13. I ______ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.(江西)

A. e B. came

C. am ing D. was ing

14. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ______ it for a very long time. (辽宁)

A. has had B. had had

C. has D. had

15. We are confident that the environment ______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.(辽宁)

A. had been improved

B. will be improved

C. is improved

D. was improved

16. I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it ______ pretty good. (山东)

A. has been B. was

C. had been D. would be

17. — Oh no! We're too late. The train ______.

— That's OK. We'll catch the next train to London. (山东)

A. was leaving B. had left

C. has left D. has been leaving

18. The famous musician, as well as his students, ______ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.(福建)

A. were invited

B. was invited

C. have been invited

D. has been invited

19. The girl has a great interest in sport and ______ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.(福建)

A. took B. is taking

C. takes D. has been taking

20. Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.(江苏)

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

21. — Could I use your car tomorrow morning?

— Sure. I ______ a report at home.(江苏)

A. will be writing B. will have written

C. have written D. have been writing

22. — What about your self?drive trip yesterday?

— Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride.(江苏)

A. had B. have

C. would have D. have had

23. On Monday mornings it usually ______ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (陕西)

A. takes B. is taking

C. took D. will take

24. Jim ______ a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.(陕西)

A. watched B. had watched

C. was watching D. would be watching

25. Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______ for us！(四川)

A. waits B. was waiting

C. waited D. is waiting

26. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ______ one of the main pipes.(天津)

A. had repaired B. have repaired

C. repaired D. are repairing

27. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply.(浙江)

A. was increasing B. has increased

C. had increased D. will be increasing

28. I felt very tired when I got home, and I ______ straight to bed.(重庆)

A. go B. went

C. had gone D. have gone

29. A Midsummer Night's Dream ______ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.(重庆)

A. opens B. is opened

C. will open D. will be opened

30. I'm calling about the apartment you ______ the other day. Could you tell me more about it？(安徽)

A. advertised B. had advertised

C. are advertising D. will advertise

2014届模拟题：

31. Mr. Black ______ for Shanghai in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane ______ on Sunday？(中原名校联盟高三上期第一次摸底考试)

A. leaves; takes off

B. leaves; is taking off

C. is leaving; is taking off

D. is leaving; takes off

32. The shoes are of high quality and ______ long.(中原名校联盟高三上期第一次摸底考试)

A. wore B. are worn

C. wear D. will be worn

33. Yesterday afternoon, I ______ basketball with my clas *** ates for two hours.(耒阳二中高三第一次月考摸底考试)

A. play B. played

C. have played D. had played

34. Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学高三第一次月考)

A. had decreased

B. decreased

C. has been decreasing

D. is decreasing

35. Mr. White ______ his racing bicycle by himself yesterday, but I'm not sure whether it is ready.(衡阳市第八中学高三上期第二次月考)

A. repaired B. had repaired

C. was repairing D. would repair

36. It was reported that an agreement ______ between the two panies and that they would carry out a project together.(衡阳市第八中学高三上期第二次月考)

A. reached B. had been reached

C. was reached D. has been reached

37. Our new English teacher, who is said to have moved back to China, ______ in America for almost ten years.(安庆市望江中学高三上期期中考试)

A. lived B. has lived

C. was living D. had lived

38. He ______ football regularly for many years when he was young.(桂林市十八中高三上期第三次月考)

A. was playing B. has played

C. played D. had played

39. — How did you catch the thief?

— Well, he ______ some goods into his bag when I came around a corner in the shop. So I caught him.(吉林市普通中学高三开学摸底考试)

A. was putting B. was put

C. have put D. had put

40. — Dear me! I ______ you at first sight! But you do have changed a lot!

— Nor ______ I! You are no longer the Fat Girl! (淮安市清江中学高三上学期第一次月考)

A. haven't recognized; have

B. hadn't recognized; had

C. don't recognize; do

D. didn't recognize; did

41. — Hi, Michelle，I can't find my e?dictionary.

— Sorry, I ______ it. I guess I put it on the top shelf with my things.(江西省红色六校高三上学期第一次联考)

A. had used B. used

C. was using D. am using

42. There are frequently reports of accidents as fireworks ______， stored or transported. (辽宁省瓦房店高级中学高三10月月考)

A. have been made

B. are being made

C. were made

D. have made

43. — Mr. Harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school.

— OK, I ______ to that.(潍坊市潍坊一中高三上学期10月份阶段性检测)

A. am ing B. have e

C. came D. e

44. Since Jack was laid off from his job three months ago, he ______ a new one, but without luck.(潍坊市潍坊一中高三上学期10月份阶段性检测)

A. looked for B. had looked for

C. is looking for D. has been looking for

45. Rain and high winds today ______ to take the place of yesterday's mild conditions.(烟台二中高三10月月考)

A. expect B. are expected

C. are expecting D. has expected

46. She gave me half, and ______ the other half for her hu *** and.(枣庄市滕州一中高三10月第一次单元测试)

A. kept B. had kept

C. keeps D. will keep

47. The puters made by our pany sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they ______. (西安市长安区一中高三上学期第一次模拟考试)

A. were playing B. were to play

C. had played D. played

48. — You've left the light on.

— Oh, so I have. ______ to turn it off.(福建省德化一中高三上学期第二次质检)

A. I'll go B. I've gone

C. I go D. I'm going

49. Japan's economy ______ in the past twenty years. No one knows how long it ______ before it regains its increase.(成都七中高三上学期期中考试)

A. has been declining; will be

B. has declined; would be

C. had been in decline; would take

D. was on the decline; will take

50. The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.(泸州市泸县第九中学高三上学期第一次诊断模拟考试)

A. knew B. know

C. have known D. had known

Ⅱ.根据句子提供的语境，用动词的适当形式(时态和语态)完成句子

1. The play which ________________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

2. Please do me a favor — ________________ (invite)my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.

3. The plans to bring in new laws which ________________ (force) parents to take more responsibilities for the education of their children.

4. A *** all plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city and ________________ (kill) all four people on board.

5. There is a great deal of evidence which ________________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.

6. Michael's new house is like a huge palace, if it ________________ (pare) with his old one.

7. — Why does the lake *** ell terrible?

— Because large quantities of water ________________ (pollute)．

8. According to the literary review, Shakespeare ________________ (make) his charities live through their language in his plays.

9. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________________ (broadcast) and I want to listen.

10. — The food here is nice enough.

— My friend ________________ (introduce) me a right place.

11. — What is the price of petrol these days?

— Oh, it ________________ (rise) sharply since last month.

12. His sister left home in 1998, and ________________ (hear of) since.

13. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________________ (rise) steadily since 1990.

14. I was out of town at the time, so I don't know exactly how it ________________ (happen).

15. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________________ (visit) Beijing next summer.

16. Mary went to the box office at lunchtime, but all the tickets ________________ (sell) out.

17. — What do you think of the movie?

— It's fantastic. The only pity is that I ________________ (miss) the beginning of it.

18. She stared at the painting, wondering where she ________________ (see) it.

19. — I've got to go now.

— Must you? I ________________ (think)you could stay for dinner with us.

20. Progress ________________ (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.

21. The population of Jiangsu ________________ (grow)to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.

22. — Good morning, Terry, can I use your puter for a while this afternoon?

— Sorry. It ________________ (use)．

23. — Ann is in hospital.

— Oh, really? I ________________ (not know). I ________________ (go) and visit her.

24. Great changes ________________ (take) place at the end of the 1980s.

25. Great changes ________________ (take) place since the end of the 1980s.

26. Great changes ________________ (take) place by the end of the 1980s.

27. When I last saw her, she ________________ (read) Harry Potter.

28. When the meeting ________________ (begin)，please e and take some notes. I think you know when the meeting ________________ (begin)．

第6节

Ⅰ.1. D　根据问句：你想当什么？可知时态为一般将来时态，故答案选D。

2. A　根据标志词every night及意识到句中will表示一种习惯性动作，故使用一般现在时态。

3. D　nothing与do之间为被动关系，只能选B、D；主句用一般将来时态可知，条件状语从句使用一般现在时态表示将来。故答案选D。

4. C　根据标志词for the last three days用现在完成时态，故答案选C。

5. B　根据语境，没去听课，是因为“在”做作业，用进行时。时间状语是“yesterday afternoon”所以用过去进行时态，故答案选B。

6. C　根据标志词over the past years应使用现在完成时态。

7. B　句意：你认为父母会迟到吗？故答案选B。

8. B　根据Hurry up！可知，Mark和Carol正在等我们。故选B，现在进行时态。

9. C　applicants与interview之间为被动关系，用被动语态；且句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时态。故答案选C。

10. C　句意：我们会很早离开，所以我们前一天晚上就打好包了，故使用过去进行时表过去将来的动作。故答案选C。

11. C　主句用一般将来时态，从句应使用一般现在时态，故答案选C。

12. A　句意：第一次见到Bryan时我不喜欢他，但现在我已经改变我的想法了。

13. D　句意：我那天本要去看你，但我不得不打电话取消， e的过去进行时态表过去将来。

14. B　句意：“卖”用sold，一般过去时， “拥有”是 “卖”之前的事，故用过去完成时态。

15. B　句意：我们充满信心……，证明此事还未发生，故使用一般将来时态，故答案选B。

16. B　句意：我认为我不会喜欢这部**，而实际上这是部相当好的**。根据上下时态一致，用一般过去时态陈述过去的事实。

17. C　句意：——我们太晚了，火车已经离开。——没关系，我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦。“已经离开”用现在完成时。

18. B　as well as之前的musician为句子主语， 对应谓语使用单数；再根据标志性词语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知应使用一般过去时态。故答案选B。

19. D　根据标志词over the last three years 可知答案为D。

20. A　主语为motivation，故谓语为单数；根据语境及generally可知，描述的为一般情况，故使用一般现在时态，故答案选A。

21. A　句意为：——明天早上我可以用下你的车吗？——当然。我那时将会在家写报告。将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时间段正在发生的动作。故答案选A。

22. A　句意：我们昨天的自驾旅行是一次颠簸的旅行。故选一般过去时态。

23. A　根据标志词on Monday mornings，usually可以判断应用一般现在时态。故答案选A。

24. C　固定句型：was/ were doing sth. when…意为：正在做某事的时候，突然……。故答案选C，表示这一动作在过去一直在进行。

25. D　句意：快点，校车正在等我们。用现在进行时态，故答案选D。

26. D　句意：暂时断水了，因为工人在修一个主管道。根据句意，选现在进行时态。

27. B　根据标志词during the last three decades，用现在完成时态，故答案选B。

28. B　根据上下时态一致原则，and前后都应使用一般过去时态。

29. A　句意：《仲夏夜之梦》于6月19日在皇家剧院首映，然后在苏格兰各地巡回演出。根据上下时态一致原则，and前后时态一致，根据tours可知，and后也用一般现在时态。open在句中表示开演，用主动。

30. A　句中the other day为标志词，应用一般过去时。

31. D　第一空in a few days几天后用于一般将来时。第二空时刻表的动作用一般现在时表示将来。所以选D。

32. C　句意：鞋子质量好而且穿得久(耐穿)。事物的特征用一般现在时态的主动语态，所以选C。

33. B　yesterday afternoon为一般过去时的标志词，所以选B。

34. C　over the past (last) decades 为现在完成时的标志词，所以只有C正确。

35. C　根据上下文“我不知道他修好没有”，所以选过去进行时表示“昨天他在修自行车”。

36. B　根据上下文“两个公司之间已达成协议”，用完成时表示“已经”。另外，主句是一般过去时。所以从句相应用过去完成时。

37. A　根据上下文，老师现在已经搬回中国了，生活在美国是过去的经历，用一般过去时态。故答案选A。

38. C　when he was young是具体的过去时间，所以用一般过去时态。故答案选C。

39. A　根据上下文，“当我到商店的时候，他正把东西放进口袋”，所以用过去进行时态，故答案选A。

40. D　第一空是说第一眼没认出来(后来认出来了)，所以用一般过去时，第二空是倒装句，需要助动词，因为这句话完整的是：I didn't recognize you either，用倒装句是Nor did I。故答案选D。

41. B　根据上下文，“我用了(电子字典)”，是对话之前的动作，用一般过去时态。故答案选B。

42. B　根据上下文“烟花爆竹在生产，储存和运输过程中频出事故”，过程中用进行时态表示，只有B正确。

43. A　根据上下文“好的，我就说”，e, go, leave, move等表位移的动词用进行时表示将来，所以选A。

44. D　根据since句型，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。根据下文，“没有找到”，所以强调“一直在找”。所以选D。

45. B　根据上下文，“今天的大雨和大风”，用现在时。be expected to do“有望做……”，所以选B。

46. A　根据上下文，两个谓语动词并列，时态保持一致，gave为一般过去时，所以选A。

47. B　根据上下文“几年前，没人会想象它们在市场上所起的作用”，想象的是未来的事情，两者结合所以用过去将来时。were to do表示过去将来时。

48. A　根据上下文“哦，是的。我就去把它关了”，说话者表示临时的决定，用will do。be going to do表示计划好的事情。所以选A。

49. A　in the past(last) twenty years为现在完成时态的标志，根据下文，“没人知道什么时候再恢复增长”，时间状语从句中regains用现在时表示将来，所以第二空用一般将来时。所以A正确。

50. D　根据标志词for some time可知用完成时态，根据上文“消息传来，我一点不奇怪”，可见在消息传来之前就已经知道了。根据came一般过去时，选择过去完成时。

Ⅱ.1. will be produced　2. invite　3. force　4. killed　5. indicates　6. is pared　7. have been polluted　8. makes　9. is being broadcast　10. introduced　11. has risen　12. has not been heard of　13. has been rising　14.happened　15. is going to visit/will visit　16. had been sold　17. missed　18. had seen　19. thought　20. has been　21. has grown　22. will be being used　23. didn't know; will go　24. took　25. have taken　26. had taken　27. was reading　28. begins; will begin

高考怎样看这道题考的是非谓语动词还是动词的时态和语态 急！！！

一级结构： 首先省略了主语。

二级结构：复合谓语，Work together ,and make sure 加了逗号的原因是因为被前面很长的介词短语给间隔开了，避免歧义。

三级结构：前半段，by communicating with other vessels 介词短语作状语；后半段，that引导的宾语从句。

四级结构：在that引导的宾语从句中，你分析的基本是对的。

考察非谓语动词的话，若是非谓语作状语，则一般空是在一个完整的句子外；非谓语作定语相对较简单就不用说了。

考查动词的时态和语态，空通常是在句中。

另外你没说是选择题还是完型，或是阅读。