2017年一卷高考作文_高考一卷2017答案

书是随时在近旁的顾问，随时都可以供给你所需要的知识，而且可以按照你的心愿，重复这个顾问的次数，下面给大家分享一些关于以气候正义为视角阅读题答案，希望对大家有所帮助。

中国参与国际气候治理的法律立场和策略：以气候正义为视角

气候正义是环境正义在气候变化领域的具体发展和体现。2000年前后，一些非政府组织承袭环境正义运动的精神，开始对气候变化的影响进行伦理审视，气候正义便应运而生。气候正义关注的核心主要是在气候容量有限的前提下，如何界定各方的权利和义务，主要表现为一种社会正义或法律正义。

从空间维度来看，气候正义涉及不同国家和地区之间公平享有气候容量的问题，也涉及一国内部不同区域之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在气候 文化 的国际公平和国内公平问题。公平原则应以满足人的基本需求作为首要目标，每个人都有义务将自己的“碳足迹”控制在合理范固之内。比如说，鉴于全球排放空间有限，而发达国家已实现工业化，在分配排放空间时，就应首先满足发展中国家在衣食住行和公共基础设施建设等方面的基本发展需求，同时通制在满足基本需求之上的奢侈排放。

从时间维度来看，气候正义涉及当代人与后代之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在代际权利义务关系问题。这一权利义务关系，从消极方面看，体现为当代人如何约束自己的行为来保护地球气候系统，以将同等质量的气候系统交给后代;从积极方面看，体现为当代人为自己及后代设定义务。就代际公平而言，地球上的自然资源在代际分配问题上应实现代际共享，避免“生态赤字”。因为，地球这个行星上的自然资源包括气候资源，是人类所有成员，包括上一代、这一代和下一代，共同享有和掌管的。我们这一代既是受益人，有权使用并受益于地球，又是受托人，为下一代掌管地球。我们作为地球的受托管理人， 对子 孙后代负有道德义务。实际上，气候变化公约或协定把长期目标设定为保护气候系统免受人为原因引起的温室气体排放导致的干扰，其目的正是为了保护地球气候系统，这是符合后代利益的。至少从我们当代人已有的科学认识来看，气候正义的本质是为了保护后代的利益，而非为其设定义务。

总之，气候正义既有空间的维度，也有时间的维度，既涉及国际公平和国内公平，也涉及代际公平和代内公平。因此，气候正义的内涵是：所有国家、地区和个人都有平等地使用、享受气候容量的权利，也应公平地分担稳定气候系统的义务和成本。

(摘编自静明德《中国参与国际气候治理的法律立场和策略：以气候正义为视角》)

1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是

A.为了应对气候变化，非政府组织承袭环境正义运动的精神，提出了气候正义。

B.与气候变化有关的国际公平和国内公平问题，实际上就是限制排放的问题。

C.气候正义中的义务问题，是指我们对后代负有义务，而且要为后代设定义务。

D.已有的科学认识和对利益分配的认识都会影响我们对气候正义内涵的理解。

参考答案D

命题立意本题考查考生理解语句、筛选并整合文中信息的能力。能力层级为B级、c级。

试题分析本题要求考生选出表述正确的一项，答案是D。A项来源于原文第一段，提出气候正义是为了应对气候变化带来的影响，故A项错。B项来源于原文第二段，限制排放只是一个具体的方面，不能涵盖与气候变化有关的国际国内公平问题的全部，故B项错。C项来源于原文第三段，气候正义中的义务问题不仅指对后代负有义务，也指对我们自己负有义务，故c项错。D项既来源于原文第三段的一个细节，也是对全文的概括。原文说“至少从我们当代人已有的科学认识来看，气候正义的本质是为了保护后代的利益”，这表明已有的科学认识影响了对气候正义内涵的理解;而全文重点谈的是利益分配的问题，可见如何认识利益分配，也影响理解。故D项正确，是本题答案。

2.下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是

A. 文章 从两个维度审视气候正义，并较为深入地阐述了后一维度的两个方面。

B.文章以气候容量有限为立论前提，并由此指向了气候方面的社会正义问题。

C.已文章在论证中以大量篇幅阐述代际公平，彰显了立足未来的气候正义立场。

D.对于气候正义，文章先交代背景，接着逐层分析，最后梳理出了它的内涵。

参考答案C

命题立意本题考查考生分析论点、论据和论证 方法 的能力。能力层级为C级。

试题分析本题要求考生选出对原文论证的相关分析不正确的一项，答案是C。A项是对原文论证思路的一个重要方面的分析。原文谈到空间维度和时间维度，而时间维度又分为消极和积极两个方面，论述更加深入一些，故A项正确。B项是对原文的立论前提和指向性的分析。原文说“气候正义关注的核心主要是在气候谷里有限的前提下，如何界定各方的权利和义务，主要表现为一种社会正义或法律正义”，可见立论前提是气候容量有限，社会正义是被指向的同题之一。故B项正确。C项是对原文论证立场的分析。原文确有大量篇幅在阐述代际公平问题，但也只是把它作为各类公平问题中的一类来讨论的，而且更加注重的是当下我们这一代的问题，并没有立足未来，故c项错误，是本题答案。D项是对原文整个论证思路的分析。原文说非政府组织以环境正义运动的精神审视气候变化的影响，气候正义应运而生，这交代了背景，接下来从两个维度看，这是逐层分析，最后说“气候正义的内涵是……”，这便说明原文最终梳理出了气候正义的内涵。故D项正确。

3.根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是

A.如果气候容量无限，就不必对气候变化进行伦理审视、讨论气候的正义问题。

B.如果气候变化公约或协定的长期目标能落实，那么后代需求就可以得到保证。

C.只有每个人都控制“碳足迹”，从而实现了代际共享，才能避免“生态赤字”。

D.气候容量的公平享有是很复杂的问题，气候正义只是理解该问题的一种视角。

参考答案B

命题立意本题考查考生整合文中信息并进行分析和推断的能力。能力层级为C级。

试题分析本题要求考生选出说法不正确的一项，答案是B。A项是根据原文立论的前提做出的推断。如果气候容量有限这一前提被替换为气候容量无限，那么，相应的伦理审视、气候正义的问题就缺乏前提，故A项正确。B项是根据原文“气候变化公约或协定把长期目标设定为保护气候系统免受人为原因引起的温室气体排放导致的干扰，其目的正是为了保护地球气候系统，这是符合后代利益的”做的推断。落实长期目标只跟后代利益有关，不能保证后代的需求，尤其不能保证后代可能存在的诸如奢侈排放之类的需求。故B项错误，是本题答案。C项是根据原文多处细节做出的推断，如原文强调每个人都应该将自己的“碳足迹”控制在合理范围内，相应的公平问题才能实现，又特别强调代际公平方面实现了代际共享才能避免“生态赤字”，归结起来就是C项的表述，故C项正确。D项是根据原文论述的重心和视角做出的推断，带有对原文观点及其论证的评价性质。原文从国际、国内、代际、代内及国家、地区、个人等诸多层面展现了气候容量公平享有的复杂性，又强调气候正义作为视角有其独特的关注核心，可见气候容量的公平享有是个复杂的问题，可以、值得并且需要从其他角度进行讨论。故D项正确。

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第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)

　第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

　阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

　Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a 36 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They 37 various matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was 38 that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more 39 to her than mountain of gold. The books are in every language ? new books, ancient books, 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old. (kaoshi.yjbys.com)

　She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42 place, but they refused. So Alia took matters into her own hands. 43 , she brought books home every night, 44 her car late after work. Her friends came to 45 her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant 46 to hide some books. All through the 47 , Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, 48 them over the seven-foot wall and 49 them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war 50 . Then nine days laters, a fire burned the 51 to the ground.

　One day, the bombing stopped and the 52 left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be 53 again while the city was 54 . So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs(郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and 55 peace and a new library.

　36. A. meeting B. working C. personal D. religious

　37. A. raised B. handled C. reported D. discussed

　38. A. worried B. angry C. doubtful D. curious

　39. A. practical B. precious C. reliable D. expensive

　40. A. then B. still C. even D. rather

　41. A. permission B. confirmation C. explanation D. information

　42. A. large B. public C. distant D. safe

　43. A. Fortunately B. Surprisingly C. Seriously D. Secretly

　44. A. starting B. parking C. filling D. testing

　45. A. stop B. help C. warn D. rescue

　46. A. intended B. pretended C. happened D. agreed

　47. A. war B. night C. building D. way

　48. A. put B. opened C. passed D. threw

　49. A. hid B. exchanged C.burnt D. distributed

　50. A. approached B. erupted C. continued D. ended

　51. A. restaurant B. library C. city D. wall

　52. A. neighbours B. soldiers C. friends D. customers

　53. A. sold B. read C. saved D. moved

　54. A. occupied B. bombed C. quiet D. busy

　55. A. dreamed of B. believed in C. cared about D. looked for

非选择题部分 　第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)

　第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)

　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.

　Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ?she thought I had hurt 59 (I),?says Pahlsson

　Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters ?then ten, eight, and six? had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ?I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.

　Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot?s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)

　第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)

　假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：

　1. 参加者;

　2. 时间、地点;

　3. 活动：登山、野餐等。

　注意：

　1. 词数80左右;

　2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　第二节 读后续写(满分25分)

　阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

　On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.

　Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. ?Man, that's a big dog!? he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn?t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.

　Mac?s heart jumped. He found out his can of hear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase(追赶)。

　Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to show down. He saw a steep uphill climbbefore him. He knew that zxxk once he hit the hill, he?d be easy caught up and the wolf?s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.

　At this moment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn?t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now. (kaoshi.yjbys.com)

　注意：

　1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

　2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;

　3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好;

　4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

参考答案

　第一部分 听力

　1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A

　6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10 . B

　11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A

　16. B 17. C 18. A 19. C 20 . A

　第二部分 阅读理解

　21. C 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. A

　26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C

　31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. F

　第三部分 语言运用

　36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C

　41. A 42. D 43. D 44. C 45. B

　46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. C

　51. B 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A

　56. carrots 57. shiny/shining 58. so

　59. myself 60. earlier 61. to cook

　62. searched 63. Swept 64. where

　65. a

　第四部分 写作

　(略)

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