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英语高考语法,英语高考语法题
tamoadmin 2024-05-21 人已围观
简介日期:2015年9月1日 了解英语语法规则是学好英语的首要途径及重要关键精通英文三大要素:①语音+②语法+③词汇 序言:英语语法:①词法+②句法① 词法:研究的是各种词的形式及其用法②句法:研究的句子成分,语序,语气,语态,结构,以及句子的种类词法中的10大词性:实词:具有完整意思并在句子中可独立担任句子某个成分的词叫实词虚词:不具有完整意思不能独立担任句子成分词叫虚词实词:① 名词;②动词;③形
日期:2015年9月1日
了解英语语法规则是学好英语的首要途径及重要关键
精通英文三大要素:①语音+②语法+③词汇
★ ★★序言:英语语法:①词法+②句法
① 词法:研究的是各种词的形式及其用法
②句法:研究的句子成分,语序,语气,语态,结构,以及句子的种类
★★★词法中的10大词性:
实词:具有完整意思并在句子中可独立担任句子某个成分的词叫实词
虚词:不具有完整意思不能独立担任句子成分词叫虚词
实词:① 名词;②动词;③形容词;④数词;⑤副词;⑥代词
虚词:① 冠词;②感叹词;③介词;④连词
★ ★★句法中的11大句子成分:
5大主要成分:⑴主语 ⑵谓语 ⑶宾语 ⑷表语 ⑸补语
6个次要成分:⑹定语 ⑺状语语 ⑻同位语⑼称呼语 ⑽插入语⑾感叹语
一10大词性的分类/定义/用法
词是组成句,篇,章的最基本元素,英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类,可以归纳成十种。
英语名称
定义(作用) /以及相关例句
例词
名词
Noun(n.)
定义:表示人或事物,地点,以及抽象等概念的名称的词(表示宇宙万事万物的名称的词)
① The book is so interesting .
这本书很有趣
② China is a great country .
中国是一个伟大的国家
③ I have a beautiful desk 我有一张漂亮书桌.
④ I have some bread 我有一些面包.
⑤ There is much meat in the fridge.
冰箱里有很多肉
China 中国(专有名词)
长城the Great Wall
书book;(可数名词)
桌子desk(可数名词)
student学生(可数名词)
rice米饭(不可数名词)
milk牛奶(不可数名词)
bread面包(不可数名词)
water 水(不可数名词)
meat肉(不可数名词)
代词
Pronoun (pron.)
用来代替人或者事物的词等
① This is my mother and that is my father
这个是我妈妈,那个是我爸爸
② These are books and those are pens
这些是书那些是钢笔.
③ I am from China and you are from USA
我I ,你you ,她she,
他he;我的my;
你的your;他的his
我自己myself, himself
this 这,these这些;
that那,those那些
数词
Numeral (num.)
表示数量或顺序的词.
① I have two apples .我有两个苹果
② This is the second apple 这是第二个苹果
③ I want the third apple我想要第三个苹果
④ Tom is his father’s fourth child
汤姆是他爸爸的第四个孩子.
⑤ There are forty five students in our class
我们班有45个学生.
one一; first第一
two二,第二second
three三, 第三third
four 四 fourth 第四
five 五 fifth 第五
six 六 , sixth 第六
seven 七, seventh 第七
eight 八, eighth 第八
形容词
Adjective(adj.)
用来修饰名词表示人或事物的特点,特征,性质.①This is a safe place 这是一个安全地方
②That is a dangerous place 那是个危险地方
③This is a beautiful house 这是栋漂亮房子
④He is a great man 他是一个伟大的人.
⑤ My father is handsome 我爸爸很英俊.
⑥ Pigs are ugly 猪是丑陋的.
safe安全的;
great伟大的
dangerous危险的,
beautiful 漂亮的
handsome 英俊的
ugly丑陋的(形容词一般作表语,定语,补语.)
冠词
Article (art.)
用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的词①This is an apple 这是一个苹果.(表示泛指)
②That is a pen 那是一支钢笔.(表示泛指)
③The book is mine 这书是我的书.(表示特指)
④.The book has a red cover.(前特指,后数量)
这个书有一个红色的封面 .
⑤ She slept for an hour 她睡了1小时(表数量)
⑥She takes the medicine twice a day
她每天吃两次药(a 表示每一相当于each,every)
不定冠词an
用在元音发音单词前表示一个:(表示泛指;数量;每一)
不定冠词a,表示泛指,数量;每一)
用在辅音发音的单词前表示一个
the(这个,那个)特指.
动词
Verb (v.)
表示人或事物的动作或状态的词.
①Tom eats a lot of food every day
汤姆每天都要吃很多东西
③ We often speak English in class
我们经常在课堂上讲/说英文.
④ I saw a moving movie yesterday
我昨天看了一部感人的**
eat吃; have有;run跑
sing 唱歌
play打/玩/弹奏
walk行走*步行
see 看见/明白
hear听见
speak说话/讲话
副词
Adverb (adv.)
用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性;特征以及特点的词.
例如:She speaks quickly 她说话快
例如:Tom walks slowly 汤姆走路慢
例如:He is so tall 他很高
例如:He often goes to the park.
他经常去公园.
hard艰苦地;
early早地
carefully仔细地
quickly快速地
here这里;那里there
often经常;
always总是,一直
介词
Preposition (prep.)
用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的一种空间和时间上的方位关系的词The cat under the bed is sleeping
床下面的那只猫正在睡觉
① The book on the table is red
桌子上的那本书是红色的
② There is a big tree behind our house
在我们家房子后面有一棵大树.
④There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom(在教室前面有一块黑板)
in在...里;on在…上面
behind 在…后面
in front of 在..前面
above 在… 斜上面
below 在..斜下面
over 在…正上面
under..在..正下面
in the front of..
在…内部的前面位置
连词
Conjunction (conj.)
用来连接词、短语或以及句子的词
① Tom and I are in the same class.
汤姆和我在同一个班
② He is very clever, but he is so lazy
他很聪明,但是他很懒惰
③ Did you go to Beijing by train or by plane
你是乘坐火车还是飞机去的北京?
④ Are you a teacher or a doctor ?
你是一个医生还是一个老师?
and和; (表示并列)
but但是;(表转折)
or 或者,还是(表选择)
for 表示原因.由于..
because 表示原因
因为..
since 自从…
if 表示条件,如果..
感叹词
Interjection (interj.)
表示说话时的强烈情感或口气的词
Oh my God..! That plane crashed
Hello喂; why呃,嘿;oh哦,aha 啊哈
第一章名词
名词学习7大要点
1名词定义:表示人,事物,地方,以及抽象概念名称的词
2名词分类:可分为①专有名词+ ②普通名词
3名词单复数:单数变为复数共计13种变化规则,一定要牢记
4名词所有格:①表示所有;②时间; ③现象;④国家;⑤等量;⑥主谓;⑦动宾;⑧修饰;⑨同位;⑩固定搭配以及人类活动
5名词的修饰词:①可数名词修饰词;②不可数名词修饰词
6名词的性别:①阳性词;②阴性词
7名词在句中中当各种成分①主语;②表语;③宾语;④定语;⑤补语;⑥同位语;⑦状语;⑧称呼语
备注:①②③⑥ 是名词主要用法,因此可以引出4种以后要学习名词性从句 ①主语从句;②表语从句;③宾语从句;④同位语从句
第一章(名词)
一名词的定义及种类
名词是表示人、事物,地点以及抽象概念的名称的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
① 表示人的名称:Tom; Mary; Jack; Tony
② 表示事物名称:pen; apple ; book ; door
③ 表示地点名称:Beijing; Shanghai; Guangzhou;
④ 表示抽象名称:peace和平; happiness幸福; sadness悲伤
6大实词充当句子各种成分精讲
充当句子各种成分不同形式归纳
日期:2015年9月1日
一六大实词充当句子不同成分
一名词 表示人,事物,地点,以及抽象概念名称的词叫名词
①作主语
Honesty is the best policy.诚实是上策
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量
People can talk face to face. 人们可以面对面谈话.
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都.
These books will make a lot of patients feel happy.这些书使很多病人感觉很开心.
The bag is in the desk.
Her handwriting is the best in her class.
Water freezes below zero.
No news is good news.
No man can do two things at once.
The apple is red
备注:名词化形容词也可以作主语
The sick and the old need our help.
The wounded should be sent to hospital at once
②作宾语
She likes English very much. 她非常喜欢英语.
He loves his family very much. 她非常爱他的家人.
Chinese people eat with chopsticks.中国人用筷子吃饭.
If you don’t make money, no one is going to give it to you.
How can we practice our spoken English?
I washed my clothes yesterday.
Mary lives with her parents.
Many people died from the accident.
The skirt is made of silk
Teenagers today are facing lots of pressure.
You are supposed to focus your attention on your own work.
③作表语
English is an international language. 英语是一门国际语言.
This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本英汉字典.
My father is a famous scientist. 我爸爸是一名著名科学家.
My mother is a housewife.
She remained an assistant for several years.
Today is Sunday.
This is a good book.
Mary has become a lawyer.
Water shortage is still the biggest problem in western China
④作同位语
One of my good friends, Tom, is also there.
我的其中一位好朋友,汤姆,也在那里.
We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American.
This is my eldest daughter, Mary这是我的大女儿,玛丽.
Jack, an American people, is our English teacher.
捷克,一个美国人,是我们的英语老师.
A young man once asked Albert Einstein, the great scientist, what the secret of success is .
We teenagers should face the difficulty bravely.
Our monitor ,Jack ,is a good student.
The small desks and chairs are for us students.
Mr Zhang, our manager , has gone to Beijing.
Bird flu, a new disease, has no effective cure.
⑤补足语(宾语补足语)
We call the boy Tom.我们叫这个男孩子汤姆.
The boy is called Tom by us.(主语补足语)
They call the girl Mary.他们叫这个女孩玛丽
=The girl is called Mary by them.
We all call him Captain Sun.我们叫他为孙船长
The parents named their son Mike.父母给他们的孩子取名麦克
We elected him our monitor.我们选他做我们班长.
He was appointed secretary.他被任命为秘书.
He regarded me as his best friend.他把我看作他最好的朋友.
He was elected monitor of our class.他被选作我们班长.
We are making our school a beautiful garden. 我们正在使我们学校变成一个漂亮花园.
Mike is considered as a good monitor. 迈克被认为是一个好班长.
We are sparing no effort to make our country a developed country.
Charlie Chaplin is considered a great actor, director and editor.
⑥作定语
This is a stone table.这是一张石头桌子
The apple tree is very tall.这棵苹果树非常高
There are thirty women teachers and twenty men teachers.
Tom is playing computer games in the room.
This is a dress shop.
She likes reading war stories.
This is a gold watch
In the south of China, there are many banana trees.
The old man suffered from heart trouble
She likes helping her mother with farm work.她喜欢帮助他们妈妈做农活.
⑦作状语
The storm lasted thirty minutes.这个暴风雨持续了30分钟.
The box weighs fifty kilograms这个箱子重50公斤.
She weighs one hundred pounds.
We should serve people heart and soul.
The meeting lasted two hours.
They study hard day and night
The meeting lasted an hour.
Come this way
⑧作称呼语
Will Aunt come to us, Daddy?
Come on, friend.
Mum, Can you give me something to eat? I am so hungry
Hurry, kids
Open the door, Wei Fang.
I am coming to answer the door, mum.
Ladies and gentlemen, I have got an important announcement to make.
Hi, everyone! Allow me to introduce myself.(代词作称呼语)
Look out, John! There is a car running over